Pendekatan Maslahah dalam Pemfatwaan di Malaysia: Kajian Terhadap Fatwa Terpilih

The Maslahah Approach in Ruling an Appoint of Islamic Law in Malaysia : A Study on Several Fatwas

Abstract

Understanding Maqasid Syariah is a must and basic requirement to whoever appointed to the position of mufti. This condition must be fulfilled in order to explain authoritative legal opinion (fatwa) to community.Thus, those answers given by mufti are required to be in line with the ultimate purpose of Maqasid Syariah which is enganging maslahah and lifting difficulities and hardships.Therefore, this study aimed to delineates interrelationship between mufti and the fatwa’s matters that engaging maslahah either it is practiced in person or in general . This paper is qualitative in nature which applies the content analysis through the intense reading of datas which collected previously from various sources such as classical and contemporary text and literature, acedamic writings (journals) and website. In conclusion, findings of this study shows that, as fatwa is commited to accuracy, this principle has been generally used as  standard when ecounter a rising issue. Based on this study, there are exact purpose that fatwas in Malaysia are to enganging maslahah towards people. This is what Shariah concerned about, which is not to take easy on human’s right to have benefit in their life.

ABSTRAK

Memahami Maqasid Syariah merupakan tuntutan asas bagi setiap mufti. Hal ini kerana mufti bertanggungjawab dalam hal-hal menjelaskan fatwa kepada masyarakat. Bagi menjawab persoalan masyarakat, jawapan yang dikemukakan mestilah selari dengan pendekatan Maqasid Syariah. Antara tuntutan Maqasid Syariah dalam fatwa ialah mengangkat kesukaran dan kepayahan. Oleh itu, kajian ini menjelaskan  hubungan antara mufti dan kefahaman terhadap kaedah maslahah dalam hal-hal kefatwaan. Kajian ini menggunakan pendekatan metode kualitatif iaitu dengan menganalisis data-data dan maklumat yang dikumpul dari pelbagai wasilah, antaranya penulisan sarjana silam dan kontemporari, jurnal-jurnal dan laman sesawang. Berdasarkan kajian, penulis mendapati bahawa kaedah maslahah ini merupakan pendekatan yang biasa digunakan sebagai kayu ukur ketepatan fatwa dalam sesuatu isu.