Agricultural Zakat From The Islamic Perspective

Agricultural Zakat From The Islamic Perspective

Authors

  • Muhamad Firdaus Ab Rahman Pensyarah Kanan, USIM
  • Hussein 'Azeemi Abdullah Thadi hussein@usim.edu.my
  • Azman Ab Rahman Timbalan Pengarah INFAD, iFFAH, USIM
  • Siti Faradiyah Ab Rahim PhD Candidates, University of Glasglow

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.33102/jfatwa.vol0no0.276

Keywords:

agriculture zakat, Islamic perspective, framework.

Abstract

Agricultural zakat that is practiced in Malaysia is imposed on staple food of a particular region that has met the nisab (minimal value). However, there are issues of non-uniformity estimation of agricultural zakah for instance inconsistency nisab setting for metric weights, and the applied rate variability. What are the root causes of the problems? Therefore, this paper is an attempt to highlight some issues inherent in the conceptualisation of agricultural zakat from Islamic perspective by analysing the definition of zakat, crops that have to be imposed with zakat, nisab, the rates imposed based on irrigation, and the deduction of some costs prior to the imposition of zakat.  A qualitative methodology was employed to analyse the data through inductive, deductive, comparative approaches. The findings identified non-uniformity estimation of agricultural zakah occurred due to the varied interpretation enriching the Islamic legal tradition by different schools of juristic thought. These findings will assist the policy makers and the management of zakat institutions to harmonise agriculture zakat framework based on the authenticity of Islamic law for the social and economic development in Malaysia.

Abstrak

Di Malaysia, zakat pertanian hanya diwajibkan ke atas makanan asasi sesuatu tempat dan telah mencukupi nisab. Namun, terdapat isu ketidakselarasan taksiran zakat pertanian misalnya ketidakselarasan penetapan nisab bagi timbangan metrik gantang, dan kepelbagaian kadar yang dikenakan. Persoalannya, apakah faktor utama kepada isu ini? Justeru, kertas kajian ini merupakan usaha untuk mengetengahkan beberapa isu yang timbul dalam pendekatan konseptual  zakat pertanian dari perspektif Islam dengan menganalisa definisi zakat pertanian, tanaman yang dikenakan zakat, nisab, kadar yang dikenakan berdasarkan pengairan, dan potongan kos-kos tertentu sebelum diwajibkan zakat. Metodologi kualitatif digunakan bagi menganalisa data melalui kaedah induktif, deduktif, dan perbandingan. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahawa ketidakselarasan taksiran zakat pertanian merupakan natijah daripada kepelbagaian cara berfikir dalam menentukan hukum menurut perspektif syarak bagi setiap mazhab. Implikasi kajian ini dapat membantu pembuat dasar dan pengurusan Institusi Zakat untuk menyelaraskan rangka kerja zakat pertanian berdasarkan keaslian undang-undang Islam bagi pembangunan dan pemantapan sosio ekonomi Malaysia.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Abu ‘Ubaid, al-Qasim bin Salam. (1988). Kitab al-Amwal. Dar al-Syuruk, Beirut, Lebanon.

Abu Dawud, Sulaiman, (2009). Sunan Abi Dawud. Dar al-Risalah al- ‘Alamiyyah, Beirut, Lebanon.

Al-Bahuti, Mansur bin Yunus bin Idris. (1999). Kasyaf al-Qina’. Dar al-Ihya’ al-Turath al-‘Arabi, Beirut, Lebanon.

Al-Bayhaqi, Ahmad. (2003). Al-Sunan al-Kubra. Dar al-Kutub al-‘Ilmiyyah, Beirut, Lebanon.

Al-Daruqutni. (1993). Sunan. Dar Ihya’ al-Turath al-‘Arabi, Beirut, Lebanon.

Al-Fairuzabadi. (1972). Tartib al-Qamus al-Muhit ‘ala Tariqah al-Misbah al-Munir wa Asas al-Balaghah. ‘Isa al-Halabi, Cairo, Egypt.

Al-Jassas. (1993). Ahkam al-Quran. Dar al-Fikr, Beirut, Lebanon.

Al-Kasani, ‘Alauddin. (2002). Bada’i al-Sana’i. Dar al-Kutub al-‘ilmiah, Beirut, Lebanon.

Al-Khatib Al-Sharbini. (1978). Muqhni al-Muhtaj. Dar al-Fikr, Beirut, Lebanon.

Al-Nawawi, Mahyudddin. (2002). Al-Majmu' Sharh al-Muhazzab. Dar Kutub I'lmiyah, Beirut, Lebanon.

Al-Qardawi, Yusuf. (1973). Fiqh al-Zakah. Mu`assasah al-Risalah, Beirut, Lebanon.

Al-Qurtubi. (1957). al-Jami’ Li Ahkam al-Quran. Dar al-Kutub, Cairo, Egypt.

Al-Samarqandi. (1958). Tuhfah al-Fuqaha. Jami’iyah Damsyiq, Damascus, Syria.

Al-Sana’ani, Muhammad bin Ismail. (2007). Subul al-Salam. Dar al-Hadith, Cairo, Egypt.

Al-Sayuti, Jalaluddin Abd Rahman al-Sayuti. (1997). al-Ashbah wa al-Nazair. Maktabah Nazar Mustafha al-Baz, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

Al-Shaukani, Muhammad Ali. (1937). Nayl al-Autar. Dar al-Jail, Beirut, Lebanon.

Al-Shirazi, Abu Ishaq Ibrahim. n.d. Al- Muhazzab fi Fiqh al-Imam al-Shafi`i. Dar al-Kutub al-‘Ilmiyyah, Beirut, Lebanon.

Al-Syafi’e, Muhammad Bin Idris. (1973). al-Umm. Dar al-Ma’arif, Beirut, Lebanon.

Al-Tabari, Muhammad Ibn Jarir. n.d. Tafsir al-Tabari. Dar al-Ma’arif, Cairo, Egypt.

Asroful Anwar. (2017). Implementasi Zakat Pertanian Cabai Perspektif Yusuf Al-Qaqdwahi: Studi Kasus Kecamatan Lima Puluh Kabupaten Batu Bara. Journal of Islamic Law, 1(1), 33–47.

Azman Ab Rahman, Dg Nooremah Ag. Said, Hafidzi Hamdan & Sa`adan. (2015). Calibration of Gantang (Sa`) Based on Metric System for Agricultural Zakat in Malaysia. ASM Science Journal, 9(2), 17-28.

Dg. Nooremah Ag. Said & Hafidzi Hamdan. (2015). Nisab Zakat Pertanian: Suatu Usaha Penyeragaman. In International Conference on Masjid, Zakat & Wakaf, Kuala Lumpur, 1-2 December 2015.

Ibn Hazm. n.d. al-Muhalla. Maktabah al-Jumhuriyah al-‘Arabiyah, Cairo, Egypt.

Ibn Humam, Kamaluddin Muhammad Abdul Wahid. (1970). Fath al-Qadir. al-Halabi, Cairo, Egypt.

Ibn Kathir, Abu al-Fida’ Isma’il bin ‘Umar bin Kathir. (1999). Tafsir al-Quran al-‘Azim. Dar al-Tayyibah, Beirut, Lebanon.

Ibn Majah, Muhammad Yazid. (2009). Sunan Ibn Majah. Dar al-Risalah al 'Alamiyyah, Beirut, Lebanon.

Ibn Manzur, ‘Allamah Jamaluddin Abul Fadhl Muhammad bin Mukrim bin Manzur al-Anshari al-Afriqi al-Mashri. n.d. Lisan al-‘Arab. Dar al-Ma’arif, Cairo, Egypt.

Ibn Qudamah, Maufiquddin. (1994). al-Muqhni. Dar al-Kutub al-‘Ilmiyyah, Beirut: Lebanon.

Ibrahim Anis, Abd Halim Muntasir, Atiyyah & Muhammad. (2004). al-Mu’jam al-Wasit. al-Maktabah al-Syuruq al-Dawliyyah, Cairo, Egypt.

Imam Malik, Abi ‘Abdillah Malik bin Anas. n.d. Al-Muwaththa’. al-Halabi, Cairo, Egypt.

Jannahar Saddam Ash Ahidiqie. (2017). Bagi Hasil Pertanian Ditinjau dari Undang-Undang dan Hukum Islam. Jurnal Ekonomi Syariah Indonesia, 7 (1), 22-31.

Mohamad Zaim Ismail, Mohd Farhan Md Ariffin, Luqman Hj Abdullah & Muhamad Ikhlas Rosele. (2013). Zakat Pertanian di Malaysia: Satu Tinjaun Kajian Pemerkasaan. Labuan E-Journal of Muamalat and Society, 7, 33–47.

Muhamad Firdaus Ab Rahman, Azman Ab Rahman & Hussein Azeemi Abdullah Thaidi. (2014a). The Inconsistency of Assessing Agricultural Zakat. Global Journal At Thaqafah, 4 (1), 17-31.

Muhamad Firdaus Ab Rahman, Luqman Hj Abdullai & Nor Aini Ali. (2015b). Perbandingan Taksiran Zakat Pertanian Di Negeri-Negeri Terpilih Di Malaysia. Jurnal Syariah, 23 (1), 1-25.

Muhammad bin Isma’il al-Bukhari. (1993). Sahih al-Bukhari. Dar Ibn Kathir, Damascus, Syria.

Muhammad Ikhlas Rosele, Luqman Hj Abdullah, Mohd Anuar Ramli & Syed Mohd Jeffri Syed Jaafar. (2018). Pandangan Yusuf Al-Qaradawi Mengenai Zakat Pertanian. Jurnal al-Basirah, 8 (2), 1-9.

Muslim bin Hujjaj. (2006). Sahih Muslim. Dar at-Tayyibah, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

Nor Aini Ali & Luqman Hj Abdullah. (2013). Isu-Isu Fiqh Semasa Berkaitan Zakat Pertanian Di Malaysia. Jurnal Syariah, 21 (3), 231–258.

Sahnun, Abd Salam bin Sa’id bin Habib al-Tanukhi. n.d. Al-Mudawanah al-Kubra li al-Imam Malik bin Anas. Dar al-Kutub al-‘Ilmiyyah, Beirut, Lebanon.

Sanep Ahmad, Hairunnizam Wahid & Wiyadi. (2008). Potensi dan Cabaran Terhadap Perluasan Sumber Zakat Sektor Pertanian Di Malaysia. Jurnal Manajemen Dan Bisnis, 12 (1), 66-76.

Yahya Ibn Murtada. n.d. Bahr al-Zakhar. Maktabah al-Sa’adah, Cairo, Egypt.

Zahari Hamat & Mohd Shukri Hanapi. (2016). Taksiran Zakat Pertanian Dalam Kitab Sabil al-Muhtadin. Global Journal at-Thaqafah, l6 (2), 99-113.

Published

2020-01-15

How to Cite

Ab Rahman, M. F., Abdullah Thadi, H. ’Azeemi, Ab Rahman, A., & Ab Rahim, S. F. (2020). Agricultural Zakat From The Islamic Perspective: Agricultural Zakat From The Islamic Perspective. Journal of Fatwa Management and Research, 17(2), 92–118. https://doi.org/10.33102/jfatwa.vol0no0.276

Most read articles by the same author(s)

1 2 3 > >>