Analisis Strategi Pemerkasaan Asnaf Fakir dan Miskin Berdasarkan Hadis Lelaki Ansar
A Strategic Analysis of the Poor and Needy Aṣnāf empowerment Based on the Hadis of Man from Anṣār
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33102/jfatwa.vol0no0.293Keywords:
strategi pembasmian kemiskinan, asnaf, populasi miskin, hadisAbstract
Islam emphasizes on the empowerment of the poor and needy. This empowerment initiative can be seen since the time of the Prophet SAW where effective management and the growth of waqf, zakah and charity were optimised. This peak of excellence can be witnessed in the reign of ʿUmar bin ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz where the initiative of strengthening the impoverished population was so effective in a way that it was difficult to find the poor who were eligible for zakat. This achievement is different from the reality of Muslims nowadays. Survey from the United Nations indicates that a large number of Muslim countries are classified as 'poverty' or 'extreme poverty'. Therefore, this study aims to study the method used by the Prophet to address the poverty problem. The Hadith of impoverished man from Anṣār narrated by Anas bin Mālik was chosen because it was believed to contain comprehensive strategies for empowering the poor. Inductive and deductive research techniques are used consistently. The results show that there are at least seven empowerment strategies that can be extracted from this hadith. It includes satisfying basic needs, outreach and accessibility, screening process, financial intermediary, cash liquidity, technical support as well as education and awareness. These strategies have the potential to be implemented by agencies involved in empowering the poor in order to initiate greater social impacts.
Abstrak
Islam amat menekankan soal pemerkasaan populasi fakir dan miskin. Usaha pemerkasaan ini dapat dilihat sejak dari zaman Nabi SAW di mana pengurusan berkesan dan pemesatan harta wakaf, zakat dan sedekah berlaku dengan optimum. Kemuncak kecemerlangan ini dapat dilihat pada era pemerintahan ʿUmar bin ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz di mana inisiatif pemerkasaan populasi miskin dilakukan dengan begitu efektif hinggakan amat sukar untuk menjumpakan golongan asnaf atau miskin yang layak menerima zakat. Pencapaian tersebut berbeza dengan realiti umat Islam hari ini. Dapatan kajian dari Pertubuhan Bangsa Bangsa Bersatu mendapati sejumlah besar negara-negara Islam dikelaskan sebagai berpopulasi ‘miskin’ atau ‘miskin tegar’. Justeru, kajian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji metode yang digunakan oleh Nabi SAW dalam manyantuni golongan miskin. Hadis lelaki miskin Anṣār yang diriwayatkan oleh Anas bin Mālik telah dipilih kerana dipercayai mengandungi strategi yang komprehensif untuk memperkasakan golongan miskin. Kaedah penyelidikan secara induktif dan deduktif digunakan secara konsisten. Hasil kajian menunjukkan terdapat sekurang-kurangnya tujuh strategi pemerkasaan yang dapat diekstrak dari hadis ini. Ia merangkumi penyelesaian keperluan asas, capaian dan akses mudah, proses tapisan kemampuan, perantara kewangan, kecairan tunai, sokongan teknikal serta pendidikan dan kesedaran. Strategi-strategi ini amat berpotensi untuk dilaksanakan oleh agensi yang terlibat dengan pemerkasaan populasi miskin agar inisiatif yang dijalankan mampu memberi impak sosial yang lebih berkesan.
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