Kerangka Fiqh Bagi Kecerdasan Buatan Dalam Islam: Analisis Naratif Terhadap Persidangan Ke-26 Majmaʿ Al-Fiqh Al-Islāmī Al-Duwalī
A Jurisprudential Framework for Artificial Intelligence in Islam: Narrative Analysis of the 26th Session of the International Islamic Fiqh Academy
Authors
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Muhamad Faisal Ashaari
Pusat Kajian Dakwah dan Kepimpinan, Fakulti Pengajian Islam, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43000, Bangi, MALAYSIA
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Irwan Mohd Subri
Fakulti Syariah dan Undang-Undang, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia, Bandar Baru Nilai 71800, Nilai, Negeri Sembilan, MALAYSIA
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Hasanah Abd Khafidz
Pusat Kajian Dakwah dan Kepimpinan, Fakulti Pengajian Islam, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43000, Bangi, MALAYSIA
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Jawaher Hamad Muhammad Al-Marri
Bahagian Latihan dan Pembangunan Profesional, Kementerian Wakaf dan Hal Ehwal Islam, Dafna St., Doha, QATAR
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33102/jfatwa.vol31no2.805Keywords:
Artificial Intelligence Jurisprudence, Contemporary Islamic Jurisprudence, Sharīʿah Legal Responsibility and Liability, Maqāṣid al-SharīʿahAbstract
The capability of artificial intelligence (AI) to emulate cognitive functions and make autonomous decisions challenges the foundations of Islamic jurisprudence, which are grounded in reason, intention, and free will as conditions of legal accountability (taklīf), while also raising issues concerning the imitation and alteration of divine creation. Existing scholarship has predominantly adopted conceptual approaches grounded in individual scholarly perspectives, with limited attention given to the collective deliberations of authoritative international fiqh institutions. The lack of systematic analysis of institutional fiqh discourse has consequently created a significant gap in understanding the trajectory of contemporary Islamic legal thought on AI. In response to this gap, the present study evaluates Islamic legal and ethical responses to AI through a narrative review of 33 papers presented at the 26th session of the International Islamic Fiqh Academy. The analysis is structured around five principal juristic criteria: al-ahliyyah (legal capacity), al-mas’ūliyyah (legal responsibility), al-ḍamān (liability and compensation), al-tashabbuh (imitation of divine creation), and taghyīr khalqillāh (alteration of divine creation). These criteria serve as the analytical framework for assessing prevailing legal positions and delineating ethical boundaries concerning AI. The findings indicate that the majority of scholars reject recognizing AI as a legal subject due to the absence of al-ahliyyah, thereby maintaining human beings as the central locus of Sharīʿah and moral responsibility. The discussion is predominantly framed within legal analysis, while ethical considerations appear implicitly through the framework of maqāṣid al-sharīʿah as a value-governance mechanism. The study affirms that contemporary Islamic jurisprudence on AI is developing through the application of established fiqh instruments and highlights the need for a more systematic framework to guide fatwa institutions and policymakers.
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