Fiqh Robotic For Artificial Intelligent In Humanoids Used For Therapy, Services And Other Social Activities: An Integration Of Artificial Intelligence (Ai) And Maqasid Shariah
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33102/jfatwa.vol28no2.527Keywords:
Artificial Intelligence, Fiqh Robotic, Humanoids, Maqasid ShariahAbstract
Humanoid is part of the Social Assistive Robotics (SAR) which has been designed with a comprehensive artificial intelligence system that is widely used for elderly care, rehabilitation for people with physical disabilities as well as the intervention of individuals with cognitive impairment. Nowadays, with the advance of this technology, the world is also utilizing these humanoids for social activities and services. Consequently, some controversial questions amongst religious scholars, academicians, clinicians, services and societies arise on the urgency to use humanoid robots for therapy of the intervention in the brain-impairments, elderly care, rendering general services or for social companions when the world seems to adapt that humanoid is one of those modes, which shows potential in giving better outcomes. Due to the problem, there is an urgency to develop Fiqh Robotics to help the nation at large on the permissible of using humanoids used for social activities, services and rehabilitation. A qualitative method is used in analysing and synthesizing the relevant literature and document review to develop this Fiqh Robotic from the framework of Maqasid Shariah, together with the combination of accelerating rapid growth of the world Artificial Intelligence (AI, particularly discussing the measurement Humanoid Robot Interaction (HRI), Maqasid Shariah Principles, Islamic Legal Maxims and the permission of using this approach in Islam.
Downloads
References
Abdullah, S. (2012). Risk Management Via Takaful from A Perspective of Objectives of of Shariah. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 65, 535-541.
Auda, J. (2008). Objectives of al-Shariah: An introductory guide. Herndon: International Institute of Islamic Thought (IIIT).
Agrigoroaie, R., & Tapus, A. (2017). Contactless Physiological Data Analysis for User Quality of Life Improving by Using a Humanoid Social Robot. In: International Conference on Image Analysis and Processing, pp. 696-706 Springer, Cham.
Al-Mubarak, T., & Osmani, N. M. (2010). Applications of Objectives of al-Shari’ah and Maslahah in Islamic Banking practices: An analysis. In International Seminar on Islamic Finance in India, pp. 4-6.
Basheer, I. A., & Hajmeer, M. (2000). Artificial neural networks: fundamentals, computing, design, and application. Journal of Microbiological Methods. 43 (1): 3-31. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0167-7012(00)00201-3.
Bedoui, M. Houssem Eddine. (2012). Ethical Competitive Advantage for Islamic Finance Institutions: How should They Measure Their Performance?" Harvard University.
Beasley, R. A. (2012). Medical Robots: Current Systems and Research Directions. In: Journal of Robotics, 1-14 doi:10.1155/2012/401613.
Brisben, A., Safos, C., Lockerd, A., Vice, J., & Lathan, C. (2005). The Cosmobot System: Evaluating Its Usability in Therapy Sessions with Children Diagnosed with Cerebral Palsy. Retrieved on, 3(25), 13.
Caic, M., Mahr, D. & Oderkerken-Schröder, G. (2018). Value of Social Robots in Services: Social Cognition Perspective. Journal Of Services Marketing, 33, 463-478.
Choudhury, A., Li, H., Greene, C. M. & Perumalla, S. (2018). Humanoid Robot-Application and Influence. Archives Of Clinical and Biomedical Research, 2, 197-226.
Chung, M. J., Park, H. K., Hong, H. S., & Kwon, H. J. (2002). A Nursing Robot System for the Elderly and the Disabled. In: International Workshop on Human-friendly Welfare Robotic Systems, pp. 122-126.
Dahlan, H. A. (2018). Future Interaction between Man and Robots from Islamic Perspective.
Daly, A., Hagendorff, T., Li, H., Mann, M., Marda, V., Wagner, B., ... & Witteborn, S. (2019). Artificial intelligence, governance and ethics: global perspectives. The Chinese university of Hong Kong faculty of law research paper.
D’onofrio, G., Fiorini, L., Hoshino, H., Matsumori, A., Okabe, Y., Tsukamoto, M., Limosani, R., Vitanza, A., Greco, F., Greco, A., Giuliani, F., Cavallo, F. & Sancarlo1, D. (2018). Assistive robots for socialization in elderly people: results pertaining to the needs of the users. Aging Clinical and Experimental Research.
Fatahiyah, M. S., & Hanapiah, F. A. (2017). Merging the Research on Halal Concept Using Humanoids for Patient with Brain-Impairment: Its Maqasid and Principles. Pertanika Journal of Social Sciences & Humanities, 25.
Franceschini, N., Ruffier, F., & Serres, J. (2007). A Bio-Inspired Flying Robot Sheds Light on Insect Piloting Abilities. Current Biology, 17(4), 329-335.
Garcia, F., Pandey, A. K. & Fattal, C. (2019). Wait for me! Towards socially assistive walk companions.
Kovac, I., & Jousan, J. (2016). Man's Best Friend. NHK Inside Lens. Japan: NHK World.
Kovac, M., Fuchs, M., Guignard, A., Zufferey, J. & Floreano, D. (2008). A Miniature 7g Jumping Robot," in IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation, pp. 373–378.
Kozyavkin, V., Kachmar, O., & Ablikova, I. (2014). Humanoid Social Robots in The Rehabilitation of Children with Cerebral Palsy. In: Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Pervasive Computing Technologies for Healthcare (pp. 430-431). Institute for Computer Sciences, Social-Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering ICST.
Kurzweil, R. (2014). The Singularity is Near. In R. L. Sandler (Ed.), Ethics and Emerging Technologies, pp. 393-406, London: Palgrave Macmillan.
Lo, A. C., Guarino, P. D., Richards, L. G., Haselkorn, J. K., Wittenberg, G. F., Federman, D. G., ... & Bever Jr, C. T. (2010). Robot-Assisted Therapy for Long-Term Upper-Limb Impairment After Stroke. New England Journal of Medicine, 362(19), 1772-1783.
Feil-Seifer, D., & Mataric, M. J. (2005). Defining Socially Assistive Robotics. In: 9th International Conference on Rehabilitation Robotics, 2005. ICORR 2005, pp. 465-468 IEEE.
Mejías, C. S., Echevarría, C., Nuñez, P., Manso, L., Bustos, P., Leal, S., & Parra, C. (2013). Ursus: A robotic assistant for training of children with motor impairments. In Converging Clinical and Engineering Research on Neurorehabilitation, pp. 249-253. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.
Mohamad Akram Laldin. (2006). Islamic Law: An Introduction. International Islamic University Malaysia.
Mohammad Hashim Kamali. (2009). Qawa’id al-fiqh: The legal maxims of Islamic Law. The Association of Muslim Lawyers http://www.sunnah.org/fiqh/usul/Kamali_ Qawaid_al-Fiqh.pdf. (17.6.09)
Niiyama, R., Nagakubo, N. & Kuniyoshi, Y. (2007). Mowgli: A Bipedal Jumping and Landing Robot with An Artificial Musculoskeletal System, In: IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation, pp. 2546–2551
Oladapo, I. A., & Ab Rahman, A. (2017). Objectives of Sharī ‘Ah: The Drive for An Inclusive Human Development Policy. Jurnal Syariah, 24(2)
Oña, E. D., Cano-de la Cuerda, R., Sánchez-Herrera, P., Balaguer, C., & Jardón, A. (2018). A review of robotics in neurorehabilitation: Towards an automated process for upper limb. Journal of Healthcare Engineering https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5901488/
Pennachin, C. & Goertzel, B. (2007). Contemporary approaches to artificial general intelligence. In B. Goertzel & C. Pennachin (Eds.). Artificial General Intelligence, pp. 1-30, Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg.
Portugal, D., Alvito, P., Christodoulou, E., Samaras, G. & Dias, J. (2018). A Study on the Deployment of a Service Robot in An Elderly Care Center. International Journal of Social Robotics
Prazak, B., Kronreif, G., Hochgatterer, A., & Fürst, M. (2004). A toy robot for physically disabled children. Technology and Disability, 16(3), pp. 131-136.
Reinkensmeyer, D. J., Kahn, L. E., Averbuch, M., McKenna-Cole, A., Schmit, B. D., & Rymer, W. Z. (2014). Understanding and Treating Arm Movement Impairment After Chronic Brain Injury: Progress with the ARM guide. Journal of Rehabilitation Research and Development, 37(6), 653-662.
Russell, S., Dewey, D. & Tegmark, M. (2016). Research priorities for robust and beneficial artificial intelligence. arXiv preprint arXiv:1602.03506
Sandia Report. (2008). Robotics and Intelligent Machines, In: the U.S. Department of Energy; Critical Technology Roadmap, October available online www.robotics.ost.doe.gov/reports/rimroadmap.pdf.
Sarabia, M., Young, N., Canavan, K., Edginton, T., Demiris, Y. & Vizcaychipi, M. P. (2018). Assistive Robotic Technology to Combat Social Isolation in Acute Hospital Settings. International Journal of Social Robotics, 10, pp. 607-620.
Sharkey, A., & Sharkey, N. (2012). Granny and The Robots: Ethical Issues in Robot Care for The Elderly. Ethics And Information Technology, 14(1), pp. 27-40.
Siau, K., & Wang, W. (2020). Artificial intelligence (AI) ethics: ethics of AI and ethical AI. Journal of Database Management (JDM), 31(2), 74-87.
Tanaka, F., Isshiki, K., Takahashi, F., Uekusa, M., Sei, R., & Hayashi, K. (2015). Pepper Learns Together with Children: Development of An Educational Application. Paper presented at the Humanoid Robots (Humanoids), In: IEEE-RAS 15th International Conference.
Torta, E., Werner, F., Johnson, D. O., Juola, J. F., Cuijpers, R. H., Bazzani, M., Bregman, J. (2014). Evaluation of A Small Socially Assistive Humanoid Robot in Intelligent Homes for The Care of The Elderly. Journal of Intelligent & Robotic Systems, 76(1), pp. 57-71.
Waldner, A., Werner, C., & Hesse, S. (2008). Robot Assisted Therapy in Neurorehabilitation. Europa Medicophysica, 44(3), pp. 6-8.
Wood, L. J., Robins, B., Lakatos, G., Syrdal, D. S., Zaraki, A. & Dautenhahn, K. (2019):Developing A Protocol and Experimental Setup for Using a Humanoid Robot to Assist Children with Autism to Develop Visual Perspective Taking Skills. Paladyn, Journal of Behavioral Robotics, 10, pp. 167-179
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2023 Siti Fatahiyah Mahamood, Amily Fikry, Muhammad Iskandar Hamzah, Mohammad Mahyuddin Khalid, Azri Bhari
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
The copyright of this article will be vested to author(s) and granted the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) license, unless otherwise stated.
