Penggunaan Pisau Mekanikal dalam Industri Sembelihan Ayam Halal: Analisis Menurut Perspektif Maqasid al-Shariah

Mechanical Slaughtering in Halal Poultry Industries: An Analysis from the Perspective of Maqasid al-Shariah

Authors

  • Tuan Sidek T.M. Pensyarah
  • Ridzwan Ahmad Pensyarah Kanan

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.33102/jfatwa.vol13no1.129

Keywords:

pisau mekanikal, sembelihan, maqasid, halal, maslahah, mechanical knife, slaughter, maqasid, halal, maslahah.

Abstract

The increasing number of the world population and changes in lifestyle and eating habits has caused the demand from the consumers for more chicken meat production. This high demand calls for a large production produced at a faster production rate. The development of science and technology together with cost efficiency effort has brought the use of mechanical knife into the slaughterhouses industry. However, from the rulings of fiqh, there are differences in opinion among Islamic scholars on the permissibility of its use. Some hold an opinion to allow its use and some are against. In this regard, this paper is presented to discuss and evaluate the differences of these views with reference to the measurement of maqasid al-shari'ah. Among the major features of measurement based on maqasid is the emphasis on the attainment of maslahah and the rejection of mafsadah. This study is a qualitative study using document analysis method. Various scholars' views including contemporary views and the reality of halal industry were analyzed based on the measurement of maslahah mafsadah. As the result of the analysis, it can be concluded that in general, the use of mechanical knives is permissible. Nevertheless, its application in the halal industry is complicated and requires strict guidelines, slaughterhouse commitment, and continuous monitoring to ensure the full compliance of halal requirements are met as well as to safeguard the maslahah of all parties involved.
Keywords: mechanical knife, slaughter, maqasid, halal, maslahah.

ABSTRAK

Pertambahan bilangan penduduk dunia serta perubahan gaya hidup dan makan menyebabkan timbul keperluan untuk penghasilan daging ayam yang lebih banyak bagi memenuhi keperluan pengguna. Oleh itu, ia menuntut penghasilan produk dalam kuantiti yang besar dengan kaedah yang lebih baik. Dalam usaha tersebut, perkembangan sains dan teknologi serta wujudnya faktor kecekapan kos membawa kepada pengenalan pisau mekanikal dalam industri sembelihan ayam. Walau bagaimanapun, dari sudut fiqh, terdapat perbezaan pendapat di kalangan sarjana Islam berkenaan keharusan penggunaannya. Ada pendapat yang mengatakan harus dan begitulah juga sebaliknya. Sehubungan dengan itu, tulisan ini dikemukakan untuk membincangkan perbezaan ini dan menilai pelbagai pandangan tersebut menurut ukuran maqasid al-shari’ah. Antara ciri utama pengukuran berdasarkan maqasid ialah penekanan kepada pencapaian maslahah dan penolakan mafsadah. Kajian ini adalah kajian kualitatif menggunakan kaedah analisis dokumen. Pelbagai pandangan ulama mengikut pelbagai mazhab, pandangan-pandangan fuqaha’ kontemporari dan realiti industri sembelihan halal semasa dibincangkan dan dianalisis berasaskan ukuran maslahah mafsadah berpandukan pelbagai kaedah dalam pengukuran maqasid al-shariah. Hasil daripada analisis, dapat disimpulkan bahawa secara asasnya penggunaan pisau mekanikal adalah harus. Walaupun begitu, aplikasinya dalam industri sembelihan halal adalah rumit dan memerlukan kepada garis panduan yang sangat ketat dan dipatuhi oleh rumah-rumah sembelihan untuk memastikan ia patuh syarak dan dapat menjaga maslahah semua pihak yang terlibat.
Kata kunci: pisau mekanikal, sembelihan, maqasid, halal, maslahah.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Author Biographies

Tuan Sidek T.M., Pensyarah

Pusat Bahasa Moden dan Sains Kemanusiaan, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, 26600 Pekan, Pahang

Ridzwan Ahmad, Pensyarah Kanan

Jabatan Fiqh dan Usul Fiqh, Akademi Pengajian Islam, Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur

References

Ahmad Kutty, Is Mechanical Slaughter Acceptable? dicapai 16 Mei 2017. http://aboutislam.net/counseling/ask-the-scholar/mechanical-slaughter-acceptable/

Al-Ba‘albaki, Ruhi, al-Mawrid, Beirut: Dar li al-‘Ilm al-Malayin, 1988.

Al-Buti, Muhammad Sa‘id Ramadan, Dawabit al- Maslahah fi al-Shari‘ah al-Islamiyyah, Damsyik: al-Maktabah al-Umawiyyah, 1966.

Dar al-Ifta’ al-Misriyyah, Mechanical Slaughtering, dicapai 17 Mei 2017. http://dar-alifta.org/Foreign/ViewFatwa.aspx?ID=6254

Department of Standards Malaysia, Malaysian Standard 1500:2004 Halal Food - Production, Preparation, Handling and Storage – General Guidelines (First Revision).

Department of Standards Malaysia, Malaysian Standard 1500:2009 Halal Food - Production, Preparation, Handling and Storage – General Guidelines.

Eat Halal, Mechanical Slaughter is Acceptable by Halal Food Authority, dicapai 16 Mei 2017. http://www.eat-halal.com/mechanical-slaughter-is-allowed/

Al-Ghazali, Abu Hamid, al-Mustasfa fi ‘Ilm al-Usul, Beirut: Dar al-Kutub al-‘Ilmiyyah, 1996.

Halal Food Foundation, HFA Stunning Guidelines and Abandonment of Mechanical Slaughter, dicapai 16 Mei 2017. http://www.halalfoodfoundation.co.uk/index.php/8-
news/20-hfa-stunning-guidelines-and-abandonment-of-mechanical-slaughter.

Halal Monitoring Committee, Issues of Mechanical Slaughter and Stunning, dicapai 15 Mei 2017. http://www.halalhmc.org/IssueOfMSandStunning.htm

Ibn ‘Ashur, Muhammad al-Tahir, Maqasid al-Shari‘ah al-Islamiyyah, Jordan: Dar al-Nafais, 2011.

Ibn Qudamah, ‘Abd. Allah bin Ahmad, al-Mughni, Kaherah: Dar al-Hadith, 2004.

Ibn Rusyd, Muhammad bin Ahmad, Bidayah al-Mujtahid. Kaherah: Dar al-Salam. Juz. 2, 2009.

Ibrahim Mustafa, al-Zayyat, Ahmad Hasan, Hamid Abd. al-Qadir & al-Najjar, Muhammad Ali, al-Mu‘jam al-Wasit (Istanbul: al Maktabah al-Islamiyyah, t.t..

Ikram ul Haq, The Fiqh of Mechanical Slaughter, A research for AMJA’s 9th Annual Imams Conference 2012, Los Angeles, USA, dicapai 17 Mei 2017.
http://www.amjaonline.org/en/academic-research/cat_view/8-the-halal-and-haram-in-food-and-medicine-2012

Jabatan Kemajuan Islam Malaysia (JAKIM), Garis Panduan Mengenai Pengeluaran, Penyediaan, Pengendalian Dan Penyimpanan Makanan

Halal, dicapai 15 Mei 2017. http://www.islam.gov.my/rujukan/garis-panduan/116-garis-panduan-mengenai-pengeluaran-penyediaan-pengendalian-dan-penyimpanan-
makanan-halal

Al-Kasani, Abu Bakar ibn Mas‘ud, Badai‘ al-Sanai‘, Kaherah: Dar al-Hadith, 2005.

Al-Khadimi, Nuruddin Mukhtar, al-Maqasid al-Shar‘iyyah Ta‘rifuha – Amthilatuha – Hujiyyatuha, Riyad: Kunuz Eshbelia, 2003.

Al-Khin, Mustafa, al-Bugha, Mustafa, al-Sharbaji, ‘Ali, al-Fiqh al-Manhaji. Damsyik: Dar al-Qalam. Juz. 3, 1992.

Al-Mahmudi, Faraz, A Research on Mechanical Slaughter, dicapai 17 Mei 2017 http://darulfiqh.com/a-research-on-mechanical-slaughter/

Majma’ al-Fiqh al-Islami, Daurah yang ke 10, Jeddah, Qarar 95 (3/10), bil. 8, dicapai 15 Mei 2017. http://www.iifa-aifi.org/2015.html.

Al-Marbawi, Muhammad Idris Abd. Rauf, Kamus Idris al-Marbawi, Kuala Lumpur: Darul Nu‘man, 1998.

Al-Mawardi, Abi Hasan Ali bin Muhammad, Al-Hawi al-Kabir. Beirut: Dar al-Kutub al-‘Ilmiyyah. Juz. 15, 1994.

Permit Ayam dibuka Stabil Harga Musim Raya. (07 Julai 2013). Utusan Malaysia, dicapai 23 Julai 2017
http://ww1.utusan.com.my/utusan/Dalam_Negeri/20130707/dn_28/Permit-ayam-dibuka-stabil-harga-musim-raya

Al-Shafi’i, Muhammad bin Idris, al-Umm. Bairut: Dar al-Kutub al-‘Ilmiyyah. Juz. 2, 2014.

Al-Shatibi, Ibrahim bin Musa, al-Muwafaqat, Kaherah: Dar al-Ghad al-Jadid, 2011.

Al-Sharbini, Shamsuddin Muhammad bin Muhammad, Mughni Muhtaj, Kaherah: Dar al-Hadith, 2006.

Al-Suyuti, ‘Abd al-Rahman bin Abi Bakr, al-Ashbah wa al-Nazhair. Beirut: Dar al-Kutub al-‘Ilmiyyah. Juz. 1, 1998.

The Islamic Coordinating Council of Victoria (I.C.C.V.). (t.t.). Guideline for Mechanical Slaughtering of Chicken, dicapai 16 Mei 2017
http://www.iccv.com.au/mecslaugchicken.htm.

Al-Yubi, Muhammad Sa‘d bin Ahmad, Maqasid al-Shari‘ah al-Islamiyyah wa ‘Alaqatuha bi al- Adillah al-Shar‘iyyah, Riyad: Dar al-Hijrah, 1998.

Al-Zuhayli, Muhammad, al-Mu’tamad fi Fiqh al-Shafi’i, Damsyik: Dar al-Qalam. Juz. 2, 2011.

Al-Zuhayli, Wahbah, al-Fiqh al-Islami wa Adillatuh, Damsyik: Dar al-Fikr. Juz 3, 1989.

Al-Zuhayli, Wahbah, Nazariyyah al-Darurah al-Shar‘iyyah, Beirut: Mu’assasah al-Risalah 1997.

Published

2018-10-08

How to Cite

T.M., T. S., & Ahmad, R. (2018). Penggunaan Pisau Mekanikal dalam Industri Sembelihan Ayam Halal: Analisis Menurut Perspektif Maqasid al-Shariah: Mechanical Slaughtering in Halal Poultry Industries: An Analysis from the Perspective of Maqasid al-Shariah. Journal of Fatwa Management and Research, 13(1), 54–69. https://doi.org/10.33102/jfatwa.vol13no1.129