Penggunaan Pisau Mekanikal dalam Industri Sembelihan Ayam Halal: Analisis Menurut Perspektif Maqasid al-Shariah
Mechanical Slaughtering in Halal Poultry Industries: An Analysis from the Perspective of Maqasid al-Shariah
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33102/jfatwa.vol13no1.129Keywords:
pisau mekanikal, sembelihan, maqasid, halal, maslahah, mechanical knife, slaughter, maqasid, halal, maslahah.Abstract
The increasing number of the world population and changes in lifestyle and eating habits has caused the demand from the consumers for more chicken meat production. This high demand calls for a large production produced at a faster production rate. The development of science and technology together with cost efficiency effort has brought the use of mechanical knife into the slaughterhouses industry. However, from the rulings of fiqh, there are differences in opinion among Islamic scholars on the permissibility of its use. Some hold an opinion to allow its use and some are against. In this regard, this paper is presented to discuss and evaluate the differences of these views with reference to the measurement of maqasid al-shari'ah. Among the major features of measurement based on maqasid is the emphasis on the attainment of maslahah and the rejection of mafsadah. This study is a qualitative study using document analysis method. Various scholars' views including contemporary views and the reality of halal industry were analyzed based on the measurement of maslahah mafsadah. As the result of the analysis, it can be concluded that in general, the use of mechanical knives is permissible. Nevertheless, its application in the halal industry is complicated and requires strict guidelines, slaughterhouse commitment, and continuous monitoring to ensure the full compliance of halal requirements are met as well as to safeguard the maslahah of all parties involved.
Keywords: mechanical knife, slaughter, maqasid, halal, maslahah.
ABSTRAK
Pertambahan bilangan penduduk dunia serta perubahan gaya hidup dan makan menyebabkan timbul keperluan untuk penghasilan daging ayam yang lebih banyak bagi memenuhi keperluan pengguna. Oleh itu, ia menuntut penghasilan produk dalam kuantiti yang besar dengan kaedah yang lebih baik. Dalam usaha tersebut, perkembangan sains dan teknologi serta wujudnya faktor kecekapan kos membawa kepada pengenalan pisau mekanikal dalam industri sembelihan ayam. Walau bagaimanapun, dari sudut fiqh, terdapat perbezaan pendapat di kalangan sarjana Islam berkenaan keharusan penggunaannya. Ada pendapat yang mengatakan harus dan begitulah juga sebaliknya. Sehubungan dengan itu, tulisan ini dikemukakan untuk membincangkan perbezaan ini dan menilai pelbagai pandangan tersebut menurut ukuran maqasid al-shari’ah. Antara ciri utama pengukuran berdasarkan maqasid ialah penekanan kepada pencapaian maslahah dan penolakan mafsadah. Kajian ini adalah kajian kualitatif menggunakan kaedah analisis dokumen. Pelbagai pandangan ulama mengikut pelbagai mazhab, pandangan-pandangan fuqaha’ kontemporari dan realiti industri sembelihan halal semasa dibincangkan dan dianalisis berasaskan ukuran maslahah mafsadah berpandukan pelbagai kaedah dalam pengukuran maqasid al-shariah. Hasil daripada analisis, dapat disimpulkan bahawa secara asasnya penggunaan pisau mekanikal adalah harus. Walaupun begitu, aplikasinya dalam industri sembelihan halal adalah rumit dan memerlukan kepada garis panduan yang sangat ketat dan dipatuhi oleh rumah-rumah sembelihan untuk memastikan ia patuh syarak dan dapat menjaga maslahah semua pihak yang terlibat.
Kata kunci: pisau mekanikal, sembelihan, maqasid, halal, maslahah.
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