Keterikatan Fatwa Kepada Mazhab Syafi’i: Analisis Terhadap Fatwa- Fatwa Jemaah Ulama Majlis Agama Islam dan Adat Istiadat Melayu Kelantan
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33102/jfatwa.vol7no1.57Abstract
Generally, religious rulings (fatwa) in Malaysia are based on Shafi’ite madhhab as adherence to provisions of enactments of respective state in Malaysia. However, recently there are changes in fatwa. This might be due to development of education system, exposure of ulama and public to openly discussion of Islamic rules, public interest and their necessity to a certain view as a wise solution that meets the reality and contemporary needs. Therefore, the article attempts to analyse factors that lead to upholding of Shafi’ite madhhab in fatwa as well as to identify rooms for other views of other madhhab in issuing such a fatwa. This is a library research whereby primary sources is a collection of fatwa of Religious council of Kelantan. Those data then have been analysed by using content analysis method. The findings of this research are, the restriction to Shafi’ite madhhab in Kelantan is confirmed in taking place of previous years, however in nowadays there is a room for different views of other madhhabs. In addition, there are recent changes of fatwa due to consideration of maqasid al-shariah (objectives of Shariah). It is also observed that responses of Religious Council to questions are in accordance to the local need and up to date. It also deal with wisdom as reflected to its members of fatwa authority and social needs.
Keywords: Shafi’ite madhhab, religious rulings/fatwas, jemaah ulama of Kelantan
Abstrak
Secara amnya fatwa negeri-negeri di Malaysia berdasarkan pandangan mazhab Syafi’I melalui peruntukan-peruntukan enakmen negeri masing-masing. Namun, terdapat beberapa perubahan dalam fatwa mungkin hasil perkembangan sistem pengajian, pendedahan para ulama dan masyarakat awam kepada perbincangan hukum secara lebih terbuka, kemaslahatan masyarakat dan keperluan mereka kepada pandangan yang boleh menjadi penyelesaian yang menepati realiti dan keperluan semasa. Justeru artikel ini cuba menganalisis faktor yang menyumbang kepada semangat keterikatan fatwa kepada mazhab Syafi’I dan sejauhmana berlaku ruang keterbukaan kepada pandangan mazhab lain dalam penentuan fatwa. Kajian ini merupakan kajian perpustakaan apabila sumber data utama ialah koleksi fatwa Jemaah Ulama Kelantan. Bahan-bahan tersebut dianalisis menggunakan kaedah analisis kandungan. Dapatan kajian artikel ini ialah keterikatan kepada mazhab Syafi’I di Kelantan memang disahkan pernah berlaku, namun sekarang telah berlaku keterbukaan kepada pandangan-pandangan mazhab lain. Di samping itu, perubahan fatwa semasa kerana mengambil kira maqasid al-shari’ah iaitu menolak kesukaran dan mendatangkan kemudahan. Begitu juga Jemaah Ulama memberikan jawapan hukum yang memenuhi keperluan setempat dan semasa, mengisinya dengan berhikmah bersesuaian dengan kapasiti yang wujud dalam keanggotaan autoriti fatwa dan keperluan masyarakat.
Kata Kunci: mazhab Syafi’i, fatwa, Jemaah ulama Kelantan
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