Analisis Pelaksanaan ART Dan PrEP Dalam Membendung HIV: Perspektif Syariah
Analysing the Implementation of ART and PrEP in Combatting HIV: A Shariah Perspective
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33102/jfatwa.vol30no1.615Keywords:
ART, PrEP, HIV, LGBTAbstract
Kadar peningkatan jangkitan baru HIV yang didominasikan oleh golongan muda disebabkan seks bebas terutamanya hubungan seks lelaki dengan lelaki sangat membimbangkan. Pada masa yang sama, pencegahan dan rawatan HIV dalam kalangan golongan LGBT di Malaysia merupakan isu kompleks yang melibatkan aspek perubatan dan sosial.Oleh itu, kajian ini bertujuan untuk menilai perkembangan pencegahan dan rawatan HIV di Malaysia dalam mengekang penularannya terhadap masyarakat sekaligus menganalisis perspektif Syariah terhadap usaha tersebut. Hasil daripada kajian ini menunjukkan pemberian ART dan PrEP oleh KKM dalam memerangi HIV di Malaysia adalah bertepatan dengan Syariah sesuai dengan tuntutan mencegah dan merawat penyakit serta menghilangkan kemudaratan. Walaubagaimanapun, mengamalkan Islam dalam kehidupan dengan menjauhi larangan agama mampu mengelakkan diri daripada jangkitan HIV. Kajian ini mencadangkan pihak KKM memperkasakan lagi usaha pencegahan dan rawatan HIV sementara ahli akademik serta pihak berautoriti agama juga perlu mengambil tanggungjawab untuk menyumbang kepada usaha memperbaiki Kesihatan awam dengan pengintegrasian nilai-nilai Islam dalam program kesihatan di Malaysia
Downloads
References
Abdel-Tawab, NG, Oraby, D. & Saher, S. (2016). Understanding HIV related vulnerabilities and stigma among Egyptian youth. Cairo (Egypt): Population Council; 2016.
Ahmad MZ, Md. Yasin M, Mat Nasir N, & Mohamad M. (2024). The association between HIV-related stigma, HIV knowledge and HIV late presenters among people living with HIV (PLHIV) attending public primary care clinic settings in Selangor. PLOS ONE 19(7): e0306904. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0306904
Ahmed SI, Syed Sulaiman SA, Hassali MA, Thiruchelvam K, Hasan SS, & Lee CK. (2017). Attitudes and barriers towards HIV screening: A qualitative study of people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) in Malaysia. Journal of Infection Prevention. 2017;18(5):242-247.
Akudibillah G, Pandey A, Medlock J. (2017). Maximizing the benefits of ART and PrEP in resource-limited settings. Epidemiol Infect. 145(5):942-56
Algaralleh A, Altwalbeh D, & Al-tarawneh F. (2020). Health-Related Quality of Life Among Persons Living with HIV/AIDS in Jordan: An Exploratory Study. HIV/AIDS (Auckland, N.Z.), 12, 897 - 907.
Al-Mozaini M, Alrahbeni T, Dirar Q, Alotibi J, Alrajhi A. (2021). HIV in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: can we change the way we deal with co-infections. Infect Drug Resist. 2021;14:111–117.
Al-Qurrah Daghi AMD & al-Muhammadi AY. (2008). Fiqh al-Qadaya al-Tibbiyyah al-Mu‘asirah. Beirut: Dar al-Basha’ir al-Islamiyyah.
Al-Safarini SAM. (1993). Gaza’ al-Albabfi Sharh Manzumah al-Adab. Jld. 1-2. Mesr: Mu’assasah Qurtobah.
Al-Uthaimin MS. (2001). Ash-Sharh Al-Mumti' Ala Zad Al-Mustaqni'. Saudi Arabia: Dar Ibn Jauzi.
As Sa’di AN. (2011). Al Qawa’id Al Ushul Al Jaami’ah. Saudi Arabia: Muassasah Syaikh Muhammad bin Shalih Al ‘Utsaimin
Anderson JE, & Kanters S. (2015). Lack of sexual minorities’ rights as a barrier to HIV prevention among men who have sex with men and transgender women in Asia: a systematic review. LGBT Health 2 (1) 16–26.
Baadani AM, Ballool S, Alhemyadi S, et al. (2020). The clinical outcome of HIV infection at a tertiary care center in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Saudi Med J. 2020;41:965–970.
Blaizot S, Huerga H, Riche B, Ellman T, Shroufi A, Etard JF, et al. (2017). Combined interventions to reduce HIV incidence in KwaZulu-Natal: a modelling study. BMC Infect Dis. 2017;17(1):522.
Bragazzi N, Khamisy-Farah R, Tsigalou C, & Mahroum N. (2022). HIV Pre-exposure Prophylaxis and Its Impact on the Gut Microbiome in Men Having Sex With Men. Frontiers in Microbiology, 13.
Celum C, & Baeten J. (2020). PrEP for HIV Prevention: Evidence, Global Scale-up, and Emerging Options. Cell host & microbe, 27 4, 502-506.
Chong SCS, Kamarulzaman A, Azwa I, Ng RX, Chong ML, Raman N, Bourne A. (2021). Delayed HIV testing and treatment seeking, and associated support needs among people living with HIV in Malaysia: a qualitative study. Sex Health. May;18(2):147-155.
Croxford S, Stengaard AR, Brännström J, Combs L, Dedes N, Girardi E, Grabar S, Kirk O, Kuchukhidze G, Lazarus JV, Noori T, Pharris A, Raben D, Rockstroh JK, Simões D, Sullivan AK, Van Beckhoven D, Delpech VC. (2022). EuroTEST HIV Late Diagnosis Definition Working Group. Late diagnosis of HIV: An updated consensus definition. HIV Med. 2022 Dec;23(11):1202-1208
Dubov A, Altice FL, & Gutierrez JI. (2023). Pre-exposure prophylaxis service among men who have sex with men in Malaysia: findings from a discrete choice experiment. Sci Rep 13, 14200.
Elsharkawy A, Salem M, Asem N, Ibrahim W, Ramadan E, Abdelaziz M, Hashish A, Elsayed H, & Hassany M. (2022). Perceived stigma and healthcare services in healthcare settings among people living with HIV in Egypt: a qualitative study. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene.
Farahat FM, Alghamdi YS, Farahat AF. (2020). The prevalence of comorbidities among adult people diagnosed with HIV infection in a tertiary care hospital in Western Saudi Arabia. J Infect Public Health. 2020;13: 1699–1704.
Farley TM, Samuelson J, Grabowski MK, Ameyan W, Gray RH, & Baggaley R. (2020). Impact of male circumcision on risk of HIV infection in men in a changing epidemic context-systematic review and meta-analysis. https://doi.org/10.1002/jia2.25490/full
Gao Y, Yuan T, Zhan Y, Qian HZ, Sun Y, Zheng W, Fu L, Liang B, Zhu Z., Ouyang, L., Liu, M., Fitzpatrick. (2021). Association between medical male circumcision and HIV risk compensation among heterosexual men: a systematic review and meta-analysis. The Lancet Global Health, 9(7), e932–e941.
Gökengin D. (2022). HIV Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis in Central and Eastern Europe-Gains and Challenges in An Ever-Changing World. Infect Dis Clin Microbiol. Dec 21;4(4):223–228. PMID: 38633717; PMCID: PMC10986726.
Grulich AE, Jin F, Vaccher S, Bavinton B, Vickers T, Amin J. (2019). Continuing low HIV incidence in the expanded pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) İmplementation in Communities—New South Wales study (EPIC-NSW) [Abstract]. In: Abstracts of 10th International AIDS Society Conference on HIV Science (Mexico City, July 22–23, 2019). J Int AIDS Soc. 2019;22(S5); e25327:28.
Gupta R, Lucas S, Fielding K, & Lawn S. (2015). Prevalence of tuberculosis in post-mortem studies of HIV-infected adults and children in resource-limited settings: a systematic review and meta-analysis. AIDS (London, England), 29, 1987 - 2002.
Have H, & Neves M. (2021). AIDS (See HIV). Dictionary of Global Bioethics. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-54161-3_50.
Hessol N, & Strickler H. (2017). Cancer risk in people living with HIV. The Lancet. HIV, 4 11, e477-e479.
How Lim, S, Alias, H, Ping Wong, L, Lim, H, Kwan Wing Kien, J, Akbar, M, & Kamarulzaman, A. (2019). A Qualitative Study of Hiv “Test-And-Treat” Experience Among Men Who Have Sex With Men In Malaysia. In AIDS Education and Prevention (Vol. 31, Issue 3).
Ibn Baththal AKA (2003). Syarah Shahih al-Bukhari li Ibnu Baththal. Riyadh: Maktabah al-Rusyd.
Ishak SH, Yaacob LH, Ishak A. (2021). Knowledge of Pre-Pregnancy Care Among Men Attending the Outpatient Clinics of Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia. Malays J Med Sci. Apr;28(2):119-127.
JadKarim, L, Wickersham, J, Gautam, K, Azwa, I, Saifi, R, Khati, A, Paudel, K, Ha, T, & Shrestha, R. (2023). Correlates of never testing for HIV among men who have sex with men in Malaysia: A cross-sectional study. PLoS ONE, 18(11 November).
Jauhari, R., Chauhan, B., & Singh, A. (2022). Hiv-An Infectious Disease That Imposes a Threat To Life. Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research. https://doi.org/10.31069/japsr.v4i3.1.
Kabapy AF, Shatat, HZ, & Abd El-Wahab, EW. (2021). Identifying factors increasing the risk of acquiring HIV among Egyptians to construct a consensus web-based tool for HIV risk assessment. Current Medical Research and Opinion, 37(6), 973–984.
Kabbash I, Zidan, O, & Shehata, Y. (2019). Antiretroviral Therapy in Egypt: Are There Any Barriers to Medication Adherence? The Egyptian Journal of Community Medicine.
Kementerian Kesihatan Arab Saudi. 2024. Garis Panduan Saudi untuk Rawatan HIV. Arab Saudi: Program Nasional AIDS Saudi (NAP).
Kementerian Kesihatan Malaysia. (2023). Global AIDS Monitoring 2022: Malaysia HIV/AIDS progress report. Ministry of Health Malaysia. https://www.moh.gov.my/moh/resources/Penerbitan/Laporan/Umum/MYS_cou ntry_report_2021.pdf
Koh KC, Islam M, Chan WK, Lee WY, Ho YW, Alsagoff SAH, Yusof RA. (2017). Missed opportunities for earlier HIV-testing in patients with HIV infection referred to a tertiary hospital, a cross-sectional study. Med J Malaysia. 2017 Aug;72(4):209-214. PMID: 28889131.
Li Z, Purcell DW, Sansom SL, Hayes D, Hall HI. (2019). Vital signs: HIV transmission along the continuum of care—United States, 2016. Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2019;68(11):267.
Mahmud, S, Mohsin, M, Muyeed, A, Islam, MM, Hossain, S, & Islam, A. (2023). Prevalence of HIV and syphilis and their co-infection among men having sex with men in Asia: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Heliyon, 9(3).
Murchu, E, Marshall, L, Teljeur, C, Harrington, P, Hayes, C, Moran, P, & Ryan, M. (2021). Oral pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) to prevent HIV: a systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical effectiveness, safety, adherence and risk compensation in all populations. BMJ Open, p. 12. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-048478.
Ng RX, Guadamuz TE, Akbar M, Kamarulzaman A, Lim SH. (2020). Association of co-occurring psychosocial health conditions and HIV infection among MSM in Malaysia: Implication of a syndemic effect. Int J STD AIDS. 2020 May;31(6):568-578. Epub 2020 Apr 16. PMID: 32299293.
Qadir M. (2018). Hepatitis in AIDS patients. Reviews in Medical Virology, 28.
Ramli M, Zulkafli Z, Chambers GK, Zilan RSAR, Edinur HA. (2020). The Prevalence of Transfusion-transmitted Infections among Blood Donors in Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia. Oman Med J. 2020 Oct 20;35(6):e189. PMID: 33110633; PMCID: PMC7577371
Ranjit YS, Gibson BA, Altice FL, Kamarulzaman A, Azwa I, Wickersham JA. (2023). HIV care continuum among cisgender and transgender women sex workers in Greater Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. AIDS Care. 2023 Jun;35(6):784-790.
Rosidi MH, Mokhtar AW, & Majid MNA. (2022). The Role of Maqasid al-Shari’ah as a Fundamental Ethics in Social Media Use. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 12(4), 1285–1301.
Rosidi MH. (2024). Facilitating Access to ART and Pre-exposure Prophylaxis for LGBTQ Individuals in Combating HIV in Malaysia: An Analysis from a Shariah Perspective. International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science, VIII(VIII), 4191-4202.
Samsul D, Razman MR, Ramli M, Mohd Aznan MA. (2016). Knowledge and Attitude towards HIV/AIDS among transsexuals in Kuantan, Pahang. IIUM Medical Journal Malaysia, 15(1).
Storholm ED, Mutchler MG, Ghosh-Dastidar B, Balan E, Mokhbat J, Kegeles SM, Wagner GJ. (2021). Gearing up for PrEP in the Middle East and North Africa: An Initial Look at Willingness to Take PrEP among Young Men Who Have Sex with Men in Beirut, Lebanon. Behav Med. 2021 Apr-Jun;47(2):111-119.
Ten Brink DC, Martin-Hughes R, Minnery ME, Osborne AJ, Schmidt HA, Dalal S, Green KE, Ramaurtarsing R, Wilson DP, Kelly SL. (2022). Cost-effectiveness and impact of pre-exposure prophylaxis to prevent HIV among men who have sex with men in Asia: A modelling study. PLoS One. 2022 May 26;17(5):e0268240.
UNAIDS. 2022. Millions of lives at risk as progress against AIDS falters [Internet]. Available from:https://www.unaids.org/en/resources/presscentre/pressreleaseandstatementarchive/2022/july/20220727_global-aids-update.
UNAIDS.2019. Prevention Gap Report. 2016c. https ://www.unaid s.org/sites /defau lt/files /media _asset /2016-preve ntion -gap-repor t_en.pdf.
Volk J, Marcus J, Phengrasamy T, Blechinger D, Nguyen D, Follansbee S, Hare C, Permanente K, Francisco S, & Cen M. (2015). No New HIV Infections with Increasing Use of HIV Preexposure Prophylaxis in a Clinical Practice Setting. Clinical infectious diseases: an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, 61 (10), 1601–3.
Wang T, Gu Y, Ran L, Ta, X, & Peng S. (2022). Ways of HIV transmission in China: The effect of age, period, and cohort. Frontiers in Public Health, 10.
Weiss HA, Hankins CA, Dickson K. (2009). Male circumcision and risk of HIV infection in women: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Infect Dis. 2009;9: 669–77
Wejnert C, Prejean J, Hoots B, et al. (2018). Prevalence of Missed Opportunities for HIV Testing Among Persons Unaware of Their Infection. JAMA. 2018;319(24):2555–2557.
Xiao T, Cai Y, Chen B. (2021). HIV-1 entry and membrane fusion inhibitors. Viruses. 2021;13: 735.
Yarchoan R., & Uldrick T. (2018). HIV‐Associated Cancers and Related Diseases. The New England Journal of Medicine, 378, 1029–1041.
Yendewa G, Lakoh S, Jiba D, Yendewa S, Barrie U, Deen G, Samai M, Jacobson J, Sahr F, & Salata R. (2022). Hepatitis B Virus and Tuberculosis Are Associated with Increased Noncommunicable Disease Risk among Treatment-Naïve People with HIV: Opportunities for Prevention, Early Detection and Management of Comorbidities in Sierra Leone. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 11.
Zainal N, Abdul Aziz AF, Tan CE, Kamaludin R, Periyasamy P, & Sulaiman, NA. (2023). Pause©: The Case For Developing A Premarital Hiv Testing Aid For Primary Care Settings In Malaysia. Malaysian Journal of Public Health Medicine, 23(3), 190–200
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Mohd Harifadilah Rosidi, Abdul Manan Ismail, Ahmad Wifaq Mokhtar
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
The copyright of this article will be vested to author(s) and granted the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) license, unless otherwise stated.
