Konsep Mengubah Ciptaan Allah Swt: Analisis Hukum Pengkulturan Daging
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33102/jfatwa.vol5no1.85Abstract
The present-day life is seeing evolution in innovation across various fields; in transportation, communication, medicine and food processing, all progressing parallel with the advancement of technology. As a result, a myriad number of new inventions and products are produced. A large number of the innovations have changed the natural order from its original form created by Allah SWT. However, cited from the Quran, Allah SWT has prohibited the alteration of its creations. The Prophet Muhammad SAW himself shares the same prohibitions as it falls under the category of changing creations of Allah SWT. According to mufasirin, the alteration of creation is inclusive of physical and spiritual. Nevertheless, modification that brings benefits is permissible. Muhaddithin and fuqaqa’ divide alteration into two, temporary and permanent alterations. Temporary alteration is allowable based on a sound reason for example the coloring of fingers by a wife to dress for her husband. Nonetheless, should the cause be not unsound such as the tint is used to dress before a non-mahram, then it is not permissible. A permanent alteration with an unsound motive for example the tattooing of skin is haram. Whereas the permanent alteration of a sound reason as in the case of an organ transplant for medication is permissible. In food processing, scientists have discovered a way to culture organic meat that is both time saving and cost effective. Cultured meat is cultured using the ex vivo method, either in the laboratory or reactor. It has changed the conventional method altogether. In terms of its ruling in general, it can be considered with a sound objective. However, the ruling is still subject to its implications. If the implications are positive, then the ruling is permitted. Should the opposite occur, the ruling becomes haram as it is virulent to humankind.
Keywords: Alteration, permanent alteration, temporary alteration, cultured meat
Abstrak
Pada hari ini, pelbagai inovasi baru berkembang selari dengan kemajuan teknologi, sama ada dalam aspek perhubungan, komunikasi, pengangkutan, perubatan dan pemprosesan makanan. Kesannya, pelbagai alat dan produk baru yang dihasilkan. Sebahagian daripadanya telah mengubah tabiat semulajadi sesuatu perkara sebagaimana yang telah diciptakan oleh Allah SWT. Namun, jika dilihat dalam al-Qur’an, Allah SWT telah melarang perbuatan yang mengubah ciptaanNya. Nabi SAW juga telah melarang beberapa perkara kerana ia termasuk dalam kategori mengubah ciptaan Allah SWT. Menurut mufassirin, pengubahan ciptaan ini merangkumi aspek fizikal dan spiritual. Namun, pengubahan yang memberi manfaat dibenarkan oleh syara‘. Muhaddithin dan fuqaqa’ pula membahagikan pengubahan itu kepada dua, pengubahan yang kekal dan tidak kekal. Pengubahan tidak kekal dibenarkan jika mempunyai tujuan yang baik seperti isteri yang memakai inai kerana berhias untuk suami. Namun, jika ia mempunyai tujuan yang tidak baik seperti perempuan yang berhias untuk bukan mahram, maka ia diharamkan. Pengubahan kekal dengan tujuan yang tidak baik seperti memakai tatu adalah diharamkan. Manakala pengubahan kekal untuk tujuan yang baik, ia dibenarkan seperti pemindahan organ atas tujuan rawatan. Dalam bidang pemprosesan makanan, para saintis sudah berjaya menghasilkan daging kultur yang bersifat mesra alam di samping mampu menjimatkan kos dan masa. Daging kultur adalah daging yang dihasilkan secara ex vivo, sama ada di dalam makmal atau reaktor. Ia telah mengubah metode konvensional penghasilan sama sekali. Dari segi hukum penghasilannya secara umum, ia boleh diletakkan dalam ketegori pengubahan kekal yang mempunyai tujuan yang baik. Namun, hukumnya masih bergantung kepada implikasi. Jika implikasinya positif, maka hukumnya harus. Jika sebaliknya, hukumnya haram kerana ia memudaratkan manusia.
Kata Kunci: Pengubahan, pengubahan kekal, pengubahan tidak kekal, pengkulturan daging
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