تعددية الفتوى المؤسساتية وتحدي التضارب: الأسباب وآفاق التقريب
INSTITUTIONAL FATWA PLURALISM AND THE CHALLENGE OF CONFLICT: CAUSES AND PROSPECTS FOR CONVERGENCE
Authors
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Hamza Khelifati
Faculty of Islamic Sciences, University of Algiers 1, ALGERIA
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8222-6334
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33102/jfatwa.vol31no2.827Keywords:
الفتوى المؤسسية، التضارب الفقهي، الاجتهاد الجماعي، مقاصد الشريعة، المرجعية الشرعية.Abstract
تستعرض هذه الدراسة ظاهرة "تعددية الفتوى المؤسساتية" كَسِمَةٍ بارزةٍ في المشهد الديني المعاصر، ساعيةً إلى تشخيص ظاهرة التضارب الفقهي بين الهيئات الشرعية المعتبرة. ترتكز إشكالية البحث في رصد الفجوة بين مبدأ "الاختلاف السائغ" وبين واقع "التضارب" الذي باتَ يؤثر سلباً على المرجعية الشرعية ويثير إربَاكاً في الوعي الجمعي تجاه النوازل المستجدة. باعتماد المنهج الوصفي التحليلي، تفكك الدراسة العوامل الكامنة وراء هذا التباين، متجاوزةً التفسير التقليدي القائم على اختلاف الأدلة وما يلحقه من أسباب وعوامل، لتسلط الضوء على تباين الأطر المنهجية، واختلاف أدوات تصور الواقع كتحقيق المناط، وتأثير السياقات المؤسسية والجيوسياسية. خلصت الدراسة إلى أن معالجة هذا التضارب لا تقتصر على التوفيق الفقهي فحسب، بل تستوجب بناء "إبستيمولوجيا" تنسيقية بين المؤسسات. وتوصي الدراسة بضرورة الانتقال من الاجتهاد الفردي المؤسسي إلى الاجتهاد الجماعي العابر للمؤسسات عبر تدشين منصات حوارية مستدامة، تهدف إلى ترشيد الفتوى وضمان اتساقها مع المقاصد العليا للشريعة، بما يعزز الثقة في المرجعية الدينية في فضاء عالمي معقد.
This study reviews the phenomenon of institutional fatwa plurality as a prominent feature within the contemporary religious landscape, seeking to diagnose the phenomenon of juristic contradiction among accredited Sharia bodies. The research problem centers on monitoring the gap between the principle of permissible disagreement and the reality of contradiction, which negatively impacts Sharia authority and causes confusion in the collective consciousness regarding contemporary issues “Nawazil”. Employing a descriptive-analytical methodology, the study dissects the underlying factors of this divergence. It identifies and categorizes the primary generators of this contradiction; ranging from differing views on evidence to variations in methodological frameworks, differing tools for applying rulings, and disparities in verifying the rationale of rulings, as well as monitoring the impact of institutional and geopolitical contexts. The findings conclude that addressing this contradiction is not limited merely to juristic reconciliation, but requires building a coordinative epistemology among institutions. Consequently, the study recommends the necessity of transitioning from individual institutional Ijtihad to cross-institutional collective Ijtihad by establishing sustainable dialogue platforms. These aim to rationalize fatwas and ensure their alignment with the higher objectives of Sharia, thereby enhancing trust in religious authority within a complex global space.
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