مسؤولية الوارث وحق الدائن في التركة: رؤية فقهية
The Heir’s Responsibility and Creditor’s Right in Inheritance: Jurisprudence Study
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33102/jfatwa.vol29no1.555Keywords:
الحقوق, المسؤوليات, التركة, الوارث, الدائنAbstract
يهدف البحث إلى توضيح أهم قضايا الديون عند وفاة المدين، من حيث الحقوق والمسؤوليات في التركة، ويعتمد هذا البحث المنهج الاستقرائي، والتحليلي، وذلك بتتبع المواد العلمية، وجمع المعلومات المتعلقة بالموضوع، من أحكام الدائن والمدين. وقد توصل الباحث إلى مجموعة من النتائج، منها: اتفق الفقهاء على أن الوارث لا يُلزم ولا يُطالب بقضاء ديون مورّثه إن لم يترك وفاء، فإن أحب الورثة الوفاء بهذه الديون من أموالهم، فلهم ذلك بكفالة الدين على الميت. وللدائن حقّ في الإبراء، أو إسقاط حقّه؛ لتحرير نفس الميت المدين من الحبس عن مقامه في الآخرة. وإذا كان الغارم ميتًا، فقد اختلف الفقهاء في صحة قضاء دينه من الزكاة. وقد خُتم البحث بتوصيات، كان من أهمها: حثّ كل فرد على معرفة الحقوق والمسؤوليات في التركة، والقيام بتخطيط الأمور المالية، خاصة في الديون؛ لحماية حقوق الآخرين، وبراءة الذمة بعد الوفاة.
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