Penerimaan dan Penyelarasan Fatwa Muzakarah Jawatankuasa Fatwa Majlis Kebangsaan bagi Hal Ehwal Ugama Islam Malaysia oleh Negeri-Negeri

Abstract

The question of acceptance by the states for fatwa issued by the Discourse Of The National Council of Fatwa Committee Pertaining Islamic Religious Affairs (MJFK) is often raised in the press. Fatwa difference between the two bodies are often hotly discussed issue. The goal of this study was to examine the views of those who directly involved in the discussions and production process at the MJFK level or at the state level about the acceptance and coordination of MJFK fatwa by the states. This study is qualitative study used face to face interviews and the method of this interviews is semi-structured interview. Eleven participants in the study (PK) samples who are chosen as purposive sampling from the members of the MJFK and Mufti Department of the States. The study found that fatwa issued by MJFK are referred   by the states, mostly are accepted but there are some issues that are not accepted due to the power of the state to accept or reject the fatwa of MJFK according to its priority. In addition, there are also differences due to ijtihad factors among the members, the differences in the existing policies in the state and administrative problems in the Mufti Department of the States. Several efforts have been drafted by the Department of Islamic Development Malaysia (JAKIM) as the secretariat of MJFK and Mufti Department of the States to improve the coordination about fatwa as well as to improve the management system, increase the numbers of meetings, upgrade the officers knowledge and skills and broaden understanding of fatwa among the members and society.

Keywords: Fatwa, standardisation of fatwa, ijtihad, MJFK

Abstrak

Persoalan mengenai penerimaan negeri-negeri terhadap fatwa yang dikeluarkan Muzakarah Jawatankuasa Fatwa Majlis Kebangsaan Bagi Hal Ehwal Ugama Islam Malaysia (MJFK) seringkali ditimbulkan dalam akhbar. Aspek perbezaan fatwa antara keduanya seringkali menjadi isu yang hangat dibincangkan. Matlamat kajian ini ialah untuk meneliti pandangan mereka-mereka yang terlibat secara langsung dalam proses perbincangan dan penghasilan fatwa di peringkat MJFK maupun di peringkat negeri mengenai penerimaan dan penyelarasan fatwa MJFK oleh negeri-negeri. Ia dijalankan secara kualitatif melibatkan kaedah temubual separa berstruktur (semi structured interviews) terhadap sebelas peserta kajian (PK) yang telah dipilih secara sampel bertujuan (purposive sampling) dari kalangan ahli-ahli MJFK dan Jabatan Mufti Negeri-Negeri. Hasil kajian mendapati rujukan terhadap fatwa MJFK sememangnya dibuat oleh negeri-negeri, kebanyakannya diterima tetapi terdapat sesetengah isu yang tidak diterima disebabkan kuasa yang ada pada negeri untuk menerima atau menolak fatwa MJFK mengikut keperluannya. Selain itu, berlaku juga perbezaan disebabkan faktor ijtihad di kalangan ahli-ahli, perbezaan dalam dasar sedia ada di negeri dan masalah pentadbiran fatwa di negeri-negeri. Beberapa usaha telah dirangka oleh Jabatan Kemajuan Islam Malaysia (JAKIM) selaku urusetia MJFK bersama Jabatan Mufti untuk meningkatkan penyelarasan fatwa seperti menambahbaik sistem pengurusan fatwa, memperbanyakkan mesyuarat penyelarasan, meningkatkan pengetahuan dan kemahiran pegawai-pegawai fatwa serta meluaskan kefahaman fatwa kepada ahli-ahli muzakarah dan masyarakat.

Kata Kunci: Fatwa, penyelarasan fatwa, ijtihad, MJFK