Pengagihan Dana Zakat Dalam Bentuk Pembiayaan Mikro Untuk Usahawan Miskin Di Malaysia
The Distribution of Zakat Fund to the underprivileged Enterpreneurs Using Micro Finannce in Malaysia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33102/jfatwa.vol0no0.266Abstract
Microfinance is one of the financial instruments for small and medium entrepreneurs to run a business. The constrains to obtain a capital often involving underprivileged entrepreneurs because it is difficult to get a fund from the financial institutions. Currently in Malaysia, Amanah Ikhtiar Malaysia (AIM) and TEKUN National are among the institutions that offer the native to obtain the business capital. Otherwise, the State Zakat Institution provides an assistance as a business capital by mean of “one-off” which does not require the borrowers to make a repayment at the end of the day. From a Muslim entrepreneur's perspective, micro finance that offered is consisting element of riba and it is prohibited in Islam. For that reason, seem that the financial assistance provided by zakat institutions is seen as unproductive and elective. Thus, micro-finance through zakat funds is an alternative proposition for unprivileged entrepreneurs. This article aims to analyze the readiness of zakat institutions in Malaysia to apply micro finance from zakat funds. The study is done using the case study method by conducting a semi-structured interview with 5 zakat officers and a micro finance officers from Tekun Nasional. This study found that there is a tendency to apply micro finance from the zakat fund. In other words, zakat institutions in Malaysia are ready to implement zakat distribution by mean of micro finance. Hopefully, this study will be served as a reference for zakat institutions especially in Malaysia to practice micro finance from the zakat funds.
Abstrak
Pembiayaan mikro merupakan antara salah satu instrumen kewangan bagi golongan usahawan kecil dan sederhana untuk menjalankan sesebuah perusahaan. Masalah mendapatkan modal sering membelenggu golongan usahawan miskin kerana sukar mendapatkan pembiayaan daripada institusi kewangan. Di Malaysia pada ketika ini, Amanah Ikhtiar Malaysia (AIM) dan TEKUN Nasional merupakan antara institusi yang sering mendapat tempat dalam kalangan bumiputera untuk mendapatkan modal perniagaan. Manakala, Institusi Zakat Negeri pula menyalurkan bantuan modal perniagaan secara “one off” yang mana tidak mensyaratkan peminjam membuat pembayaran balik. Daripada perspektif usahawan Muslim, pembiayaan mikro yang ditawarkan tidak bebas daripada unsur riba, suatu yang dilarang agama manakala pemberian bantuan modal yang disediakan institusi zakat dilihat tidak produktif dan elektif. Justeru, pembiayaan mikro dengan dana zakat ini adalah cadangan alternatif untuk usahawan miskin. Penulisan ini bertujuan menganalisis kesediaan institusi-institusi zakat di Malaysia dalam mengaplikasikan pembiayaan mikro daripada dana zakat. Kajian ini menggunakan method kajian kes dengan membuat temu bual separa struktur dengan 5 orang pegawai zakat dan seroang pegawai pembiayaan mikro dari Tekun Nasional. Kajian mendapati terdapat kecenderungan dalam mengaplikasikan pembiayaan mikro daripada dana zakat. Dengan erti kata lain, institusi-institusi zakat di Malaysia bersedia melaksanakan agihan zakat dalam bentuk pembiayaan mikro. Diharapkan kajian ini boleh dijadikan panduan untuk institusi zakat khususnya di Malaysia untuk mengamalkan pembiayaan mikro dari dana zakat.
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