Journal of Fatwa Management and Research
Journal title Jurnal Pengurusan Dan Penyelidikan Fatwa Journal of Fatwa Management and Research Initials JFATWA ISSN 2232-1047 (Printed) eISSN 0127-8886 (online) Frequency January, May and September DOI Prefix 10.33102/jfatwa- Crossref linked Editor-in-chief Professor Dr. Azman Ab Rahman , Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia, Malaysia Managing Editor Dr. Hussein 'Azeemi Abdullah Thaidi , ChM Dzulfadli Rosli , Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia, Malaysia Publisher USIM Press Citation Analysis Scopus | Google Scholar Peer Review Double Blind Review JURNAL PENGURUSAN DAN PENYELIDIKAN FATWA (JFATWA), also known as The Journal of Fatwa Management and Research, engages a broad readership with its interdisciplinary approach to all vital themes related to Fatwa and Halal research. The journal examines issues that cross both academic and international frontiers, showcasing research with wide-reaching implications. Guided by a distinguished editorial board and selected peer reviewers, JFATWA is committed to fostering essential, contemporary dialogues in the fields of Fatwa and Halal studies. It eagerly invites innovative ideas and research directions in related areas. Beginning January 1, 2022, JFATWA is published three times a year by the Institut Fatwa dan Halal (IFFAH) at Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia (USIM). The journal stands as a crucial resource for scholars, regulatory authorities, and experts in Syariah, Fatwa, and Halal fields. The journal's editorial team is dedicated to fostering an environment of open and rigorous discourse and invites contributions from various disciplines. These contributions may employ different research methodologies and originate from diverse global perspectives. The journal also encourages the submission of original works in Malay, English, and Arabic, which must be previously unpublished and not under consideration by other publications. Authors are encouraged to submit manuscripts relevant to the scope of JFATWA. It is crucial to familiarize yourself with our peer-review process; articles undergo a rigorous double-blind review to maintain the highest standards of scholarly integrity. Acceptance of manuscripts is contingent upon the recommendations of peer reviewers and the final approval of the Editorial Board. Additionally, authors must adhere strictly to the author guidelines and manuscript template provided on our website. Submissions that do not conform to these guidelines or that deviate from the specified format will be rejected by the editorial team prior to review. Only manuscripts that meet these formatting standards will be considered for publication. The electronic manuscript submissions can be uploaded via https://jfatwa.usim.edu.my/index.php/jfatwa/submission/wizard Manuscripts and any related correspondence must be submitted to the Editor-in-Chief through our online submission system (OJS). This journal utilizes the LOCKSS and CLOCKSS archival systems, hosted by Stanford University Libraries in the United Kingdom, under the PKP Private LOCKSS and CLOCKSS Network program. To uphold the highest community standards in archival practices, JFATWA conforms to the Sherpa Romeo archiving standards.
The copyright of this article will be vested to author(s) and granted the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) license, unless otherwise stated.
Legal Barriers And Women’s Rights In Muslim Marriages: Shariah Lawyers' Thoughts On Emotional Abuse In Terengganu
Increasing mental health concerns in Malaysia have intensified the focus on emotional harm within marriage, specifically cumulative and private abuse that lacks physical evidence. This study investigates the legal and procedural barriers faced by women seeking fasakh (divorce) on grounds of emotional abuse within the Shariah court system of Terengganu. Despite Terengganu recording the highest score in the Malaysia Happiness Index 2024 (8.64), psychological harms remain a hidden challenge. Adopting a mixed-method design, the research analyzed a cross-sectional survey of 31 Shariah lawyers via SPSS and performed a structured content analysis of 33 fasakh case documents. The findings reveal three critical challenges to women's rights: (1) evidentiary limitations and social stigma that complicate the burden of proof; (2) legal ambiguity in the framing of emotional abuse leading to inconsistent judicial outcomes; and (3) a lack of integrated psychological support within court processes. The study concludes that to protect women's matrimonial rights, there is an urgent need for clearer operational guidelines on emotional abuse, enhanced procedural directions for non-physical evidence, and strengthened court-linked psychological referral pathways.
Ihdad, fatwa, working women, Islamic family law, support model
Copyright (c) 2026 Nurul Farhana Azmi , Kauthar Razali, Wan Khairul Firdaus, Norazilawati Abd Wahab , Nurshuhada Mohamed , Wan Nur Izzati Wan Nor Anas, Azarudin Awang, Abdul Mufid https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Pembaharuan Fatwa dan Institusinya dalam Mengintegrasi Keadilan Restoratif bagi Menangani Ajaran Sesat di Malaysia
Pewartaan fatwa merupakan langkah penting bagi mengekang ajaran sesat dengan bertindak sebagai asas tindakan perundangan. Analisis terhadap fatwa-fatwa ajaran sesat yang diwartakan di Malaysia menunjukkan bahawa fatwa-fatwa tersebut lebih cenderung kepada tindakan punitif dengan syor tindakan perundangan sebagai keutamaan berbanding pemulihan akidah sehingga menimbulkan kritikan dan menyebabkan ketidakefektifan tindakan penguatkuasaan. Hakikat ini memperlihatkan bahawa pendekatan punitif semata-mata tidak efektif dalam menangani ajaran sesat sebaliknya menuntut pelaksanaan pembaharuan yang menitikberatkan pemulihan dan pengislahan. Justeru itu, objektif kajian ini adalah untuk mengkaji bentuk pembaharuan fatwa dan institusi fatwa dalam mengintegrasikan keadilan restoratif bagi menangani kes ajaran sesat di Malaysia. Kajian ini berkonsepkan kualitatif dengan analisis kandungan terhadap sumber primer dan sekunder sebagai kaedah pengumpulan data. Data-data tersebut kemudiannya dianalisis secara deskriptif-analitikal dan dipersembahkan secara tematik. Hasil kajian mencadangkan tiga bentuk pembaharuan iaitu penstrukturan semula sighah fatwa berkaitan ajaran sesat, melaksanakan proses runding cara akidah sebelum penghakiman dan penglibatan Jabatan Mufti dalam proses istitabah atau pemulihan akidah pasca penghakiman. Implikasi pembaharuan ini membolehkan fatwa dan institusinya memainkan peranan dengan lebih proaktif dalam mendepani cabaran akidah melalui proses pemulihan yang sistematik sehingga institusi fatwa tidak lagi hanya dilihat sebagai badan normatif, tetapi juga sebagai instrumen pentadbiran agama yang berkesan dalam pemulihan sosial dan spiritual.
Copyright (c) 2026 Mohamad Ridhuan Mohd Zawawi, Wafaa’ Yusof, Zaini Nasohah, Anwar Fakhri Omar https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Assessment Of Soil Suitability For Sertu Purification Based On Geological And Fiqh Views
The sertu purification process is an essential aspect of Islamic jurisprudence for removing najis mughallazah (severe impurities), such as contamination from dogs or pigs and their descendents. A key requirement in this process involves using water mixed with soil. However, ambiguity remains regarding the specific types and characteristics of soil that are suitable for use. This uncertainty raises practical and legal concerns, particularly as sertu is increasingly practiced in both personal and industrial contexts, and commercial soil products for sertu become more common. This study aims to evaluate the suitability of different soils for use in the sertu process based on their physical and chemical properties. Seven soil samples of varying origins and depths were analyzed using laboratory tests including particle size distribution, specific gravity, pH, organic content, X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), and cation exchange capacity (CEC). The results were assessed to determine whether differences in soil composition affect their performance and compliance with fiqh requirements. Findings indicate that while most soils share similar mineral compositions, variations in acidity, texture, and organic matter may influence their effectiveness. This study offers a scientific basis for selecting appropriate soil for sertu, supporting both technical validation and fiqh clarity in religious purification practices. The integration of geotechnical data with Islamic jurisprudence enhances the understanding and reliability of sertu, ensuring its correct implementation across various settings
Copyright (c) 2026 Wan Ainaa Mardhiah Wan Zahari, Faizal Pakir, Aziman Madun, Nur Zainatul Nadra Zainol, Syaza Azhari https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Impact Of Morals On Fatwas: An Applied Study Of The Fatwas Issued By Egypt’s Dar Al Iftaa
Morals constitute an important part of the components of the Islamic religion. Therefore, this paper aims to shed light on the importance of morals and their impact on the contemporary jurisprudential fatwas through the applied study of the fatwas issued by Egypt’s Dar Al Iftaa. This paper adopts the approach of content analysis and the objective examination of fatwas. The researcher concluded that there is an impact of morals in these fatwas, whether in terms of analysis of fatwa topics; Egypt’s Dar Al-Iftaa invested in noble morals to infer many modern matters that did not exist in the Islamic jurisprudential heritage, in addition to the type of jurisprudential rulings (obligatory, desirable, permissible, disliked, forbidden). This paper highlights the fact that morals are considered among the origins of rulings and fatwas in Islamic jurisprudence, and they can be relied upon to reach jurisprudential rulings and fatwas for emerging events such as modern economic and medical issues that need a definitive statement of jurisprudence. This study may be the first of its kind in terms of linking the impact of morals on contemporary fatwas through the applied study of the fatwas issued by Egypt’s Dar Al Iftaa. Thus, it opens the door for researchers to study the impact of morals on contemporary fatwas issued by the various fatwa houses.
Morals, influence, jurisprudence, Dar Al-Iftaa, Egypt
Copyright (c) 2026 Hamza Abed AlKarim Hammad, Mahmoud Mohamed Ali Mahmoud Edris https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Mufti's Views And Fatwa Authorities On Ihdad: Implementation Challenges Among Working Women
Ihdad is a religious obligation imposed on Muslim women whose husbands have passed away, requiring a mourning period of four months and ten days that includes prohibitions against adornment, the use of fragrance, and the requirement to remain in the marital home. However, the enforcement of fatwas on ihdad presents significant challenges for working women who face the demands of employment, family responsibilities, and the realities of modern life. This study aims to examine ihdad-related fatwas in Malaysia in terms of their legal provisions, the lived experiences of working women, and the need to develop a more practical support model. A qualitative design was employed, combining document analysis, focus group discussions (FGD), and semi-structured interviews with widows undergoing ihdad as well as representatives of employers. The data were thematically analyzed using atlas.ti. The findings reveal a gap between fatwa prescriptions and the realities of working women, particularly regarding the necessity of leaving the home for work, fulfilling professional commitments, and sustaining household finances. The study proposes the development of an Ihdad Support Model encompassing policy, financial, emotional, social, and educational dimensions, ensuring that religious obligations are upheld without neglecting the contemporary needs of working women. This article contributes to strengthening fatwa-related policymaking and employment regulations, offering a more inclusive and holistic framework to support widows in the aftermath of their husbands’ death.
Copyright (c) 2026 Norita Kamaruddin, Zanariah Dimon, Syh.Noorul Madihah Syed Husin, Norazla Abdul Wahab, Ramazan Korkut https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
علاقة المشابهة بين الاجتهاد والقياس والتعليل عند الأصوليين: دراسة تأصيلية في ضوء مقاصد الشريعة The Similarity Between Ijtihād, Qiyās, and Taʿlīl: A Foundational Study in Light of the Objectives of Sharīʿah
يعدّ الاجتهاد والقياس والتعليل من أبرز أدوات الاستنباط الفقهي التي اعتمدها علماء أصول الفقه في بناء الأحكام الشرعية، وقد نشأت بينها علاقة مفهومية ومنهجية متداخلة، أثارت جدلًا واسعًا في التراث الأصولي، خاصة في تحديد طبيعة كون القياس فعل اجتهادي محض أو دليلا مستقلا. ينطلق هذا البحث من دراسة تأصيلية لعلاقة المشابهة بين هذه المفاهيم الثلاثة، من خلال تحليل أقوال الإمام الشافعي وغيره من الأصوليين، واستقراء مناهج المدارس الأصولية في التعامل معها، بهدف إزالة اللبس الاصطلاحي، وتوضيح الوظيفة المنهجية لكل منها .ويهدف البحث إلى بيان أوجه التشابه والتداخل بين الاجتهاد والقياس والتعليل، وإبراز أثر هذه العلاقة في تفعيل المقاصد الشرعية ضمن الفروع الفقهية، من خلال تصور تطبيقي يوازن بين النص والاجتهاد، ويعزز من فاعلية الفكر الأصولي في معالجة المستجدات الفقهية. وقد اعتمد البحث المنهج التأصيلي التحليلي، مع قراءة مقارنة للمصادر الأصولية التراثية، وتوظيف القياس الواسع كمدخل لفهم العلاقة بين هذه الأدوات في ضوء مقاصد الشريعة. Islamic legal theory (uṣūl al-fiqh) provides the methodological foundation for deriving rulings and regulating juristic reasoning. Among its core tools, ijtihād, qiyās, and taʿlīl exhibit a complex conceptual and methodological overlap that has sparked extensive debate, particularly regarding whether qiyās should be viewed as a purely ijtihād-based act or an independent source of law. This study addresses the problem of terminological and functional ambiguity among these tools and its impact on the application of maqāṣid al-sharīʿah in contemporary contexts. It introduces an innovative approach by employing the concept of analogy to explore their interrelationship, analyzing al-Shāfiʿī’s foundational views and surveying the methodologies of major uṣūlī schools. Through a comparative and analytical framework, the research proposes a practical model that balances textual fidelity with maqāṣid-oriented reasoning. The implications of this study lie in clarifying methodological ambiguities and establishing a maqāṣid-driven paradigm for legal reasoning, opening new avenues for developing and regulating ijtihād in line with modern challenges.
Copyright (c) 2026 Abdoul-Hamid Ouedraogo, Wan Mohd Yusof Wan Chik, Ahmad Iqbal Mohd Fadzli https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
الصناديق الاستثمارية الإسلامية المستدامة: بين الالتزام الشرعي وتحقيق الاستدامة المالية Sustainable Islamic Investment Funds: Between Shariah Compliance and Achieving Financial Sustainability
This study explores the growing integration between sustainability principles and Islamic investment funds, which are among the key Shariah-compliant financial instruments. Using an inductive approach to review concepts and global practices, and an analytical method to assess performance, the paper addresses four main themes: the concept of investment funds, conventional and Islamic investment funds, the current state of sustainable integration in Islamic funds, and the key development requirements. The findings indicate a strong alignment between Islamic ethical values and global sustainability standards, particularly in terms of justice, transparency, and environmental responsibility. Saudi Arabia and Malaysia were highlighted as leading models in promoting sustainable Islamic investment. The study recommends the development of Shariah-based sustainability indices, increasing green sukuk issuance, and enhancing regulatory frameworks to support sustainable investment ecosystems
Copyright (c) 2026 Younes Soualhi, Abdul Majid Saleh https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Hyena: From the Perspective of Animal Physiology and its Impact on Jurists’ Disagreement
This study examines the taxonomy and physiological characteristics of hyena species, drawing from specialized scientific literature. It also investigates Islamic legal texts on the permissibility of consuming hyena meat, presenting the spectrum of jurisprudential opinions. Employing a qualitative methodology, the research combines descriptive and analytical approaches to derive informed conclusions. Scientifically, hyenas are classified into four species: three are carnivorous predators with powerful jaws and aggressive scavenging behaviors, while the fourth—Proteles cristata (aardwolf)—feeds primarily on termites, larvae, and small rodents. Islamic scholars hold divergent views regarding the consumption of hyena meat. Proponents of permissibility rely on ẓannī (probabilistic) textual evidence, whereas opponents cite qatʿī (definitive) sources that prohibit the consumption of fanged predators. This divergence may be reconciled by acknowledging the taxonomic differences among hyena species. The study posits that the hyena referenced in early Islamic texts most likely refers to the aardwolf, a species that does not exhibit typical predatory behavior. Furthermore, the claim that hyenas are hybrids of wolves is scientifically unfounded, as such hybridization would result in offspring retaining heightened predatory instincts, not insectivorous feeding patterns. The study underscores the relevance of integrating scientific taxonomy into Islamic legal reasoning.
Copyright (c) 2025 Taher Mohammed Abdo Sulaiman Al-Ahdal, Omar Abdullah Kolaib, Wan Mohd Yusof Wan Chik, Ahmad Iqbal Mohd Fadzli https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Keperluan Prosedur Operasi Standard (SOP) Beragumentasi Dengan Al-Quran Oleh Jawatankuasa Muzakarah MKI Dalam Pandangan Hukum Islam Semasa
Para sarjana Usul al-Fiqh telah menggariskan satu kaedah yang menyeluruh dalam beristidlal dengan al-Quran bagi mengaitkannya dengan permasalahan semasa yang berlaku dalam hukum Islam. Kaedah tersebut merupakan langkah-langkah akademik yang merangkumi tiga peringkat, iaitu peringkat dalil dan istinbat, peringkat semakan terhadap hasil istidlal (taṣḥīḥ natījat al-istidlāl) dan peringkat pengeluaran fatwa bagi memastikan hujah yang bersandarkan al-Quran adalah tepat, tidak mengelirukan dan betul. Kajian ini ingin meneliti pengaplikasian kaedah istidlal dengan al-Quran oleh Ahli Jawatankuasa Muzakarah MKI dalam menghubungkan nas-nas al-Quran dengan permasalahan semasa dalam Islam. Kajian ini bertujuan mengumpul pandangan daripada ahli muzakarah berkenaan keperluan model SOP bagi tujuan beristidlal dengan al-Quran dalam konteks pandangan hukum Islam semasa. Kajian ini menggabungkan kajian kepustakaan dan kajian lapangan di mana penyelidik berusaha mendapatkan SOP melalui pembacaan ilmiah dan menjalankan kajian lapangan bagi mendapatkan maklum balas daripada beberapa ahli muzakarah yang terpilih. Hasil kajian menunjukkan keperluan kepada Prosedur Operasi Standard sebagai garis panduan kepada Ahli Jawatankuasa dan para penyelidik yang ditugaskan untuk mentafsir al-Quran berdasarkan pandangan hukum Islam semasa.
Copyright (c) 2026 Mahyudin Daud, Ahmad Najib Abdullah, Shukeri Mohamed, Syed Mohd Jeffri Syed Jaafar https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Fiqh Al-Muwazanah In Dealing With Interfaith Marriage In European Muslim Minority Context
This paper aims to apply the concept of fiqh al-Muwazanah on the issue of interfaith marriages among Muslims that widely occur in non-Muslim majority countries, especially the Western world. Two cases discussed among scholars regarding their permissibility are analyzed: A Muslim man who marries an ahl al-Kitab woman and a new convert wife without her husband whose marriage has already been established. Even though both issues have been discussed within classical and contemporary works, a new Muslim minority context may require some considerations. Thus, by applying fiqh al-Muwazanah, this study analyses the weighing of maslahah and mafsadah for both issues. A qualitative research method will be employed to achieve this objective by interviewing selected local muftis and scholars. It was found that maslahah is significantly considered by muftis and scholars when dealing with both issues, especially the maslahah of religion and family. While both cases have different views among scholars, they share similarities in terms of considering maslahah must be in accordance with priority, the application must be based on a case-to-case basis, and the potential of da’wah is the central pillar for both permissibility. Despite the limited number of interviewees, this study provides rigorous analysis by referring to related literature, practical discussion, and recommendations on both issues
Copyright (c) 2025 Muhammad Shahrul Ifwat Ishak, Nur Syahirah Mohammad Nasir, Abdulmajeed M. R. Aderemi, Huzaifa Aliyu Jangebe, Halimaton Mohamad https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
A Model Of Fiqh Al-Ṭahārah For The Indigenous Muslim Community In Malaysia: A Fuzzy Delphi Application On The Issue Of Food Containers And Kitchen Utensils Contaminated By Najāsah Al-Khinzīr
This study aims to develop a model of fiqh al-ṭahārah that is culturally sensitive and practically applicable to the Indigenous Muslim (Orang Asli) community in Malaysia, with specific emphasis on the purification of food containers and kitchen utensils contaminated by najāsah al-khinzīr (porcine impurity). The research addresses the challenges faced by Muslim converts within the Orang Asli community, who often find certain fiqh rulings difficult to observe due to cultural incompatibilities and the communal reality of living with non-Muslim family members. These challenges necessitate the formulation of a fiqh framework that embodies the principles of ease (taysīr), is grounded in sound Islamic jurisprudence, and accommodates the socio-cultural context of the community. The study employs a quantitative research approach using the Fuzzy Delphi Method (FDM) to gain expert consensus. A panel comprising Islamic legal scholars and daʿwah practitioners with experience working among the Orang Asli was consulted to evaluate the suitability of various jurisprudential views. The findings indicate strong consensus among experts in favour of the majority opinion which permits purification by washing until the physical traces of impurity are removed, without requiring seven washes with soil. This approach aligns with the maqāṣid al-sharīʿah, promotes inclusivity and facilitates the practice of Islam among marginalised Muslim communities. The proposed model is expected to resolve ongoing purification-related dilemmas, strengthen Islamic practice among Orang Asli Muslims and enhance the effectiveness of daʿwah to non-Muslim family members. This study also contributes to the broader discourse on contextual fiqh for minority Muslim communities and invites further exploration into jurisprudential adaptation in multicultural settings.
Copyright (c) 2025 Paiz Hassan, Mohd Anuar Ramli, Zulkefli Aini, Muhammad Yusri Yusof @ Salleh, Muhd Imran Abd Razak, Mohd Zahirwan Halim Zainal Abidin, Muhammad Syazwan Faiz Shahrom https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Assessment Framework Of Zakat On Real Estate Property Developers In Malaysia
This study aims to develop a more appropriate and equitable zakat assessment framework for real estate property developers in Malaysia by considering the differing operational realities between formally registered companies (Sdn. Bhd. or Berhad) and small-scale property developers operating individually. The property sector plays a significant role in Malaysia’s economic growth. However, existing zakat guidelines are predominantly based on manufacturing and production models, which emphasize inventory in the form of raw materials, work-in-progress, and finished goods. This approach does not reflect the nature of the property development business, where the core assets consist of land, completed houses, and buildings. This study adopts a qualitative methodology involving semi-structured interviews with nine informants comprising academics, industry experts, zakat officers, and both formal and informal property developers. Informants were selected through purposive sampling to ensure their expertise and experience in the subject of zakat for property businesses. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis to identify key similarities, differences, and emerging themes in the assessment of zakat on real estate ventures. Findings show a unanimous consensus among informants on the obligation of zakat on property development activities, as such ventures are categorized as ‘urud tijarah (trading assets). However, it was strongly emphasized that current zakat accounting frameworks fail to address the operational distinctions of property developers. For formal developers, zakat assessment should include current assets such as completed property inventories (buildings, houses, land lots), accounts receivable (net of doubtful debts), short-term investments, fixed deposits, and company cash holdings. Allowable current liabilities include payables, short-term borrowings, lease liabilities, outstanding taxes, and non-Shariah compliant income that must be excluded from zakat calculations. In contrast, small-scale developers are only liable for zakat upon the sale of the property and the realization of profit. Assessable assets include only the proceeds from property sales, while deductible liabilities include costs such as land development, labor, legal fees, licensing, and annual land taxes. This exception aligns with the Maliki school of thought, which considers such developers as tajir al-mutarabbis thereby granting them zakat relief by requiring payment only after the property is sold and zakat conditions are fulfilled.
Abdul Aziz Mohammed Abd Allah Al-Shibany
Copyright (c) 2025 Muhammad Fathullah Al-Haq Muhamad Asni, Ahmad Yusairi Yusli, Abdul Aziz Mohammed Abd Allah Al-Shibany https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Impact of Economic, Social, and Health Values on Attitudes Toward Green Products and Halal Cosmetics: Media and Government Moderation
The rising consumer awareness of halal cosmetic products highlights the need for in-depth study on economic, social, health, and religiosity factors influencing the purchasing behavior of these products, especially with media exposure and government roles as moderating variables, which are rarely explored. This study emphasizes originality by integrating economic, social, health, and religiosity values and novelty in using media exposure and government roles as moderating variables in halal product studies. This quantitative research applies the Theory of Planned Behavior through an online survey and Structural Equation Model-Partial Least Square analysis on 271 respondents in Indonesia. Results indicate that economic, social, and religiosity values significantly affect attitudes towards purchasing green and halal cosmetic products, while health value has no significant influence. Media exposure enhances the influence of economic and social values, while government roles strengthen the influence of social and health values on purchase attitudes. The study concludes that positive attitudes are proven to enhance purchase behavior, providing implications for marketing strategies and policies to support environmentally friendly and halal products.
Halal Cosmetics, Media Moderation, Economic and Social Values, Green Products, Government Role
Copyright (c) 2026 Ahmad Majdi, Abdul Hakim, Arina Haqan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Artificial Intelligence In The Realm Of Fatwa: An Analytical Study On Its Use As A Reference Tool In Malaysia
The rapid advancement of Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies has significantly transformed various sectors, including Islamic legal research and fatwa issuance. This study examines the feasibility of using AI as a reference tool in the domain of fatwa, focusing specifically on its application within the Malaysian context. By analysing relevant fatwa frameworks, institutional practices, and the epistemological foundations of Islamic legal decision-making, this research explores the potential benefits, limitations, and ethical concerns associated with integrating AI technologies into fatwa processes. The study employs a qualitative analytical approach, including document analysis and expert interviews, to evaluate the extent to which AI can support, but not replace, the role of human muftis and fatwa committees. Findings suggest that while AI offers significant utility in data retrieval, pattern recognition, and preliminary legal referencing, its limitations in contextual reasoning (waqi‘), moral judgement, and ijtihad highlight the need for strict epistemic boundaries. The integration of AI must also be guided by the Islamic principle of tabayyun (critical verification), ensuring that digital information used in fatwa development is rigorously evaluated in both form and substance. The paper concludes with proposed ethical and operational guidelines for incorporating AI into fatwa management, advocating a complementary model that upholds the sanctity and authority of traditional Islamic jurisprudence
Copyright (c) 2026 Khairul Azhar Meerangani , Muhammad Ikhlas Rosele , Mohammad Fahmi Abdul Hamid , Ibrahim Adham Mohd Rokhibi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Pengurusan Fatwa Dalam Krisis Di Malaysia: Strategi Dan Cabaran Semasa Pandemik Covid-19
The year 2020 marked a dark chapter in world history as the COVID-19 pandemic reshaped social, economic, and religious norms. In this context, fatwa institutions in Malaysia played a crucial role in providing religious guidance aligned with the new norms and public health regulations. However, the fatwas issued during this period faced resistance, causing unease within society as religious activities had to be modified or restricted to comply with pandemic-related restrictions. This study aims to analyze the strategies and methods employed by fatwa institutions in disseminating fatwa information throughout the Movement Control Order (MCO) and the COVID-19 pandemic phases. A qualitative approach was adopted, utilizing document analysis and in-depth interviews. Interviews were conducted with informants from the Selangor Mufti Department, the Federal Territories Mufti Office, and the Perak Mufti Department to obtain up-to-date information on the strategies implemented to enhance public understanding, acceptance, and compliance with issued fatwas. The collected data were analyzed using thematic analysis. The findings indicate that fatwa institutions have adapted various strategies to optimize fatwa dissemination, including issuing COVID-19-related fatwas, leveraging digital platforms and social media, publishing scholarly writings, and delivering messages through Friday sermons. This study contributes to the discourse on fatwa management by providing insights into the effectiveness of fatwa dissemination strategies during crises. These findings are expected to assist fatwa institutions in formulating more effective strategies for future fatwa challenges and enhancing public engagement in fatwa compliance.
Copyright (c) 2025 Muhammad Zaki Ramle, Mohd Anuar Ramli, Nor Fahimah Mohd Razif, Mohd Harifadilah Rosidi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Tort Litigation Versus Mediation in Medico-Legal Disputes: Evaluating The Limits Of Mediation and Proposals for Reform
Mediation has increasingly been promoted as an alternative to litigation in resolving medico-legal disputes. A substantial body of literature critiques the adversarial nature of tort litigation, particularly the evidentiary burdens imposed on patients, the emotional toll of courtroom proceedings, and systemic delays that undermine access to justice. In contrast, mediation is praised for its efficiency, confidentiality, and potential to facilitate amicable settlements in a less confrontational setting. However, despite growing advocacy for mediation, there remains a notable gap in academic discourse concerning its structural limitations especially in the context of medical negligence. This paper addresses that gap by critically examining the current use of mediation in Malaysia and Indonesia, two jurisdictions with distinct legal traditions but similar institutional challenges. Using a doctrinal legal research methodology combined with comparative analysis, this study systematically reviews statutory frameworks, case law, and institutional practices to evaluate the practical effectiveness of mediation in resolving medical negligence disputes. Scholarly literatures are also analysed to uncover recurring procedural and structural shortcomings. The paper argues that while mediation holds considerable promise, it often provides only the illusion of resolution due to the non-binding and unenforceable nature of its outcomes. In cases where patient harm is severe and power imbalances are pronounced, such weaknesses may leave injured parties without meaningful remedy. As a key contribution, the paper proposes several targeted reforms: (1) the introduction of mandatory mediation for appropriate medical cases; (2) the establishment of specialised medico-legal mediation panels; and (3) the granting of legal enforceability to mediated settlements through court registration. These reforms are essential to strengthen public trust in mediation and to ensure it delivers real, enforceable justice in the sensitive context of medical harm.
Copyright (c) 2025 Siti Farahiyah Ab Rahim, Anggraeni Endah Kusumaningrum https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Institutional Pressures On Waqf Unit Trust Funds In Islamic Social Finance: The ASNB Wakalah Model For Social And Economic Impact
Waqf, as a perpetual charitable endowment, serves as a cornerstone for promoting social welfare and equitable wealth distribution within Islamic finance. Its integration into modern financial instruments, such as the Amanah Saham Nasional Berhad (ASNB) Wakalah Waqf Unit Trust, reflects a growing trend toward aligning Islamic capital market innovation with Islamic social finance objectives in Malaysia. This study examines the application of institutional theory in understanding the distribution of waqf benefits by ASNB Wakalah, focusing on how institutional pressures shape its governance, implementation, and social outcomes. Employing a qualitative document analysis approach, the research reviews policy documents, Islamic rulings (fatwas), prospectuses, annual reports, academic journals, books, and relevant online sources to evaluate ASNB’s waqf governance and distribution strategies. Despite ASNB’s pioneering role in developing a Wakalah-based waqf model, there remains limited scholarly attention to the institutional forces, such as regulatory frameworks, Shariah governance standards, and societal expectations that influence its operationalisation and impact. The findings reveal that ASNB’s waqf model is deeply embedded within Malaysia’s institutional environment, where compliance, legitimacy, and stakeholder expectations collectively shape its governance and distribution mechanisms. The study contributes to the growing body of knowledge on Islamic social finance and institutional theory. It also offers practical insights for policymakers and Islamic financial institutions to strengthen transparency, governance, and the social impact of waqf‑based investment schemes in line with institutional norms, ethical investment principles and Maqasid al-Shariah (Shariah objectives).
Copyright (c) 2026 Syahnaz Sulaiman, Habib Ahmed, Mushaddad Hasbullah, Nihat Gumus https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Halal Awareness In Contemporary Muslim Societies: A Systematic Review of Scopus-Indexed Studies
This study presents a systematic review of global research on halal awareness conducted between 2012 and 2024. Halal awareness is defined as the level of consumer understanding and recognition of halal principles, encompassing production processes, ingredient selection, and the significance of halal certification in compliance with Islamic guidelines. Utilizing a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) approach, the analysis combines bibliometric and qualitative methods, employing NVivo 12 Plus for thematic mapping and trend analysis. The review synthesizes findings from major international databases to assess research trends, thematic focus, and geographical distribution. The results demonstrate a substantial increase in academic attention to halal awareness, with publication activity reaching its highest point in 2022. Southeast Asian countries, particularly Indonesia and Malaysia, are identified as primary contributors to the field. The literature is categorized into four main themes: determinants of halal awareness, its influence on consumer behavior, its role across industrial sectors, and its progression in various national contexts. Major drivers of halal awareness include consumer education, social influences, and regulatory policies. The study underscores the growing importance of halal awareness among both Muslim and non-Muslim consumers, evidenced by rising global demand for halal-certified products in sectors such as food, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, and tourism. This review offers a comprehensive resource for scholars, practitioners, and policymakers, and highlights opportunities for future research in areas such as non-food industries and digital innovations to improve halal supply chain transparency and consumer literacy.
Copyright (c) 2025 Azhar Alam, Aliifa Reza Fuadati, Azizah Fathma, Nadhirah Nordin, Ihtisham Ullah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
An Analysis Study Of The Fatwa Indonesia Ulema Council (MUI) On Boycotting Israel Products With The I’tibār Al-Maalāt Theoretical Approach
The Indonesian Ulema Council (MUI) fatwa on boycotting Israeli products is one of the religious responses to the Israeli-Palestinian conflict that invites Muslims not to buy or use products that support the state of Israel. This study aims to analyse the fatwa through the perspective of I’tibār Ma'ālāt al-'Af'āl, which is a concept in Islamic law that considers the long-term impact or consequences of an action. In this study, it is argued that this fatwa has positive consequences in the form of economic pressure on Israel and strengthening Muslim solidarity with Palestine. However, there are also potential negative impacts that need to be considered, such as the economic effects for consumers in Indonesia and the effectiveness of the boycott if it is not followed globally. Through of I’tibār Ma'ālāt al-'Af'āl analysis, this study emphasises the importance of balancing the objectives and impacts of boycott actions, as well as the need for continuous evaluation to ensure that the positive impacts of this fatwa can be optimally achieved. The results of this study are expected to provide insights for decision-makers and Muslims in implementing the fatwa by considering the wider consequences.
Copyright (c) 2025 Fajar Rachmadhani https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Pengukuhan Pengaksesan Kewangan Perusahaan Mikro Melalui Kerangka Pendanaan Awam Islamik
Micro-enterprises play an important role as the backbone of economic growth in Terengganu. Although their contribution to positive economic development is significant, empirical studies show that this sector faces challenges in accessing external financing to sustain their operations. Consequently, there is a need for an innovative alternative financing mechanisms to improve micro-enterprises’ access to external capital. This study examines the external financial challenges encountered by micro-enterprises, proposes Islamic crowdfunding as a sustainable source of financing, and assesses the readiness of micro-enterprises towards the proposed model. The findings indicate that micro-enterprises face various financial constraints, including high interest rates, stringent documentation requirements, demanding collateral conditions, insufficient financing amounts, lengthy loan durations, and the inherent nature of their businesses. The findings reveal a generally positive level of readiness among micro-enterprises, with a stronger preference for donation- and reward-based Islamic crowdfunding models. Moreover, the results indicate that if Islamic crowdfunding can stimulate local economic activity and support the provision of business capital, it will significantly enhance micro-enterprises’ willingness to adopt it. In turn, these insights can help the Terengganu state government craft more sustainable and viable financing strategies to support micro-enterprises in securing external funds. The study also positions Terengganu to become a pioneering state in empowering micro-enterprises through an Islamic crowdfunding approach.
Copyright (c) 2025 Mohamed Asmy Mohd Thas Thaker https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Human Skin Bank In Malaysia: Addressing Clinical Demands Through Islamic Shariah Perspectives
Human skin transplantation plays a critical role in modern medical practice, particularly in the treatment of burn injuries, chronic wounds, and dermatological conditions. The establishment of human skin banks has revolutionised the accessibility and quality of skin grafts for these applications. However, the operation of these banks, particularly in regions with a significant Muslim population like Malaysia, raises ethical and Islamic legal questions. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to provide an overview of the role and significance of human skin banks in modern medical practice, address the medical needs that human skin banks fulfil, delves the ethical and legal dimensions of their operation in accordance with Islamic principles. The study used a library-based methodology and collected data from various sources, including books, websites, and journals. A review of existing literature is conducted to understand the medical importance of skin banks and to explore the existing legal and ethical frameworks. Legal analyses are performed to determine the alignment of human skin banking with Islamic legal principles. The finding highlights the importance of aligning human skin banks with Islamic principles to ensure ethical and legal acceptability in order to implement human skin banks. It emphasises the need for comprehensive guidelines and legal frameworks that respect the rights and values of donors and recipients while integrating skin banking into the healthcare system. This review contributes to the discourse on the operation of human skin banks in predominantly Muslim regions, addressing ethical and legal concerns. It provides valuable insights for policymakers, healthcare practitioners, and scholars seeking to harmonise medical needs with Islamic principles. The expanding field of medical technology should be taken advantage of in order to safeguard the Maqasid of Sharia, especially all the concepts of Daruriyat, Hajiyat, and Tahsiniyat.
Copyright (c) 2025 Muhamad Rafiqi Hehsan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Sex and Gender Identifications in the View of Islam and Western Thought
Contemporary debates on gender identity reveal a fundamental divergence between Islamic and Western perspectives, creating significant theoretical and practical tensions in addressing gender ambiguity. Islam upholds a binary framework where biological sex determines gender identity, while Western thought increasingly separates sex from gender, recognizing gender as a social construct independent of biological markers. This ideological divide raises critical issues regarding gender dysphoria management, gender transition legitimacy, and accommodation of gender-variant individuals within different societal frameworks. This study conducts a comparative analysis of Islamic jurisprudence and Western gender theory through qualitative content analysis of religious texts, scholarly works, medical literature, and policy documents to examine how each tradition addresses gender identification conflicts. The research investigates theoretical foundations and practical applications of both approaches to gender-related disorders and identity crises. Key findings reveal that while Islam maintains consistent binary classifications rooted in biological determinism since the Quranic era, it demonstrates flexibility in addressing intersex conditions through established jurisprudential mechanisms. Despite fundamental philosophical differences, the study concludes that potential convergence areas exist between Islamic principles and certain medical interventions, suggesting possibilities for nuanced dialogue rather than absolute opposition in addressing contemporary gender identity challenges and fostering cross-cultural understanding.
Copyright (c) 2025 Ahmad Akram Mahmad Robbi, Sayyed Mohamed Muhsin, Mohamad Mohiuddin Mahi, Mohd Fuad Md. Sawari, Khairul Fahmi Jamaludin https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Mudharabah Instrument Via an Integrated Waqf–Equity Crowdfunding Model For Sustainable Blended Financing In Malaysia
This study aims to develop a new model of mudharabah blended financing through integration between waqf fund and equity-based crowdfunding in Malaysia. Since this study is exploratory in nature, it is designed based on qualitative research methodology. The data is based on semi-structured interviews with related experts and practitioners in Shariah, crowdfunding, and State Religious Islamic Councils (SRICs). The findings reveal that mudharabah might be risky as the crowdfunding instrument and waqf-based financing. Nevertheless, both can be integrated as a blended instrument to enhance the efficiency of mudharabah and minimize its risks. Through this model, the waqf fund and investors can join to support potential business projects through an equity-based crowdfunding platform. Through the platform, business owners can convince investors and waqf fund managers about their projects, and their progress can be efficiently monitored to minimize the risk. This study proposes a new working model of mudharabah blended financing through an integration between waqf fund and equity-based crowdfunding. This model can empower entrepreneurs to operate their businesses with greater autonomy, creativity, and accountability as well as contributes to the sustainability of waqf fund. While this study is an exploratory on a potential model from Shariah's perspective, its findings may not be generalized into other aspects. Moreover, this study is limited to Malaysia, which has a unique legal framework on waqf administration. Nevertheless, a new practical model of mudharabah blended financing is proposed through the findings and discussion of this study. This model can be applied with a strategic collaboration between the Security Commission as a regulator for the crowdfunding market and SRICs as the sole authority on waqf in Malaysia.
Copyright (c) 2025 Muhammad Shahrul Ifwat Ishak, Abdulmajeed M.R. Aderemi, Nur Rasyidah Kamaruzaman, Mohd Izuwan Mohd Izuwan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
SWOT-PEST Analysis of Halal Industry in Brunei
The demand for halal products has increased over the past few decades alongside the growing Muslim population worldwide. The halal market is expanding every year, not only in Islamic countries but also in non-Islamic countries. In most Muslim nations, people consume halal products because of halal certification, which guarantees that products are safe to eat and meet standards of quality, taste, and health. This study investigates the development of the halal industry in Brunei Darussalam using a PEST-embedded SWOT approach. Primary data were collected through 3 in-depth interviews with halal industry players, supported by 50 survey respondents, literature review and observation. Key findings reveal Brunei’s strengths in stringent halal certification procedures, strong government support, and public awareness. At the same time, weaknesses include insufficient enforcement manpower, low global ranking in the Global Islamic Economy Indicator, and overreliance on imports. Opportunities lie in leveraging ASEAN Free Trade, sustainable development goals, and halal product innovation, whereas threats include trade barriers, high technology costs, and a shortage of skilled manpower. The study highlights that political stability and institutional support provide Brunei with strong foundations, but economic diversification and technological upgrading remain urgent. Recommendations include targeted capacity-building, smart halal logistics, and regional market expansion to position Brunei as a credible halal hub.
Copyright (c) 2026 Nor Surilawana Sulaiman, Rose Abdullah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Recombinase Amplification Method Applied to Meat and Halal Authentication: Trends and Potential Implications
The rapid evolution of technology and the food industry has raised concerns about the accurate labelling of Halal food and meat authentication. The Halal authentication system maintains a zero-tolerance policy regarding the halal status of food products from farm to fork. As a result, innovative technologies such as recombinase polymerase amplification are necessary to address the growing issues of food fraud and enhance the current species identification method. Recombinase amplification method is an isothermal amplification process that operates at 37-42°C without the need for specialized equipment or technicians. A systematic review was conducted to analyse research on the application of Recombinase Amplification method in meat and Halal authentication, covering literature published from 2018 to 2024. Relevant studies were identified through a comprehensive search of established databases in which 25 studies met the inclusion criteria, focusing specifically on meat and Halal authentication, while studies related to clinical diagnostics and microbiological testing were excluded. This paper aims to analyse the various detection technologies integrated with Recombinase Polymerase Amplification (RPA) and to provide a comprehensive review of the application of RPA in meat and Halal authentication. The review will summarise current trends and evaluate the potential future developments and implications of RPA-based methods for establishing a reliable and rapid on-site auditing system.
Copyright (c) 2025 Siti Nurul Bazilah Haji Mohaimin, Moohamad Ropaning Sulong, Nur Thaqifah Salihah Haji Mohd Salleh https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Dental Disease Treatment In The Tib Manuscript MSS2515 Via Halal Material Usage
Dental diseases such as caries, periodontal conditions, and oral infections have historically posed significant health challenges, influencing overall well-being and quality of life. While modern dentistry has advanced substantially, traditional medical texts like the Tib manuscript MSS2515 offer valuable insights into sustainable and ethical treatment approaches. This manuscript is a cornerstone of traditional medicine, documenting various ailments and their treatments with a focus on natural, culturally aligned, and halal-compliant materials. Rooted in Islamic teachings, halal principles emphasize purity, cleanliness, and ethical integrity, making them increasingly relevant in modern healthcare practices, particularly in addressing the ethical and religious concerns of diverse populations. This study investigates the treatments for dental diseases described in the Tib manuscript MSS2515, focusing on halal-compliant materials. It explores the integration of these historical remedies into contemporary dentistry, highlighting their potential for sustainability, biocompatibility, and cultural sensitivity. The research underscores the manuscript’s emphasis on ethical considerations and its relevance to modern global healthcare challenges. By analysing the materials and methods documented in the manuscript, the study identifies natural and effective alternatives to conventional dental treatments, such as bone grafts and adhesives, which often face scrutiny for their halal status. This multidisciplinary approach bridges the gap between traditional and modern medicine, fostering an inclusive understanding of how historical practices can inform future advancements. Ultimately, the research contributes to a broader dialogue on culturally sensitive and environmentally responsible healthcare solutions, inspiring innovation and inclusivity in dental science.
Copyright (c) 2025 Ahmad Bazli Ahmad Hilmi, Nazariyah Yahaya, Liyana Amalina Adnan, Zulkarnin Zakaria, Muhammad Hakim Kamal, Nur Nadia Fadhlina Daman Huri, Nurdalila A'wani Abd Aziz https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Role and Responsibilities of Halal Executives in Food Manufacturing in Malaysia: A Qualitative Study
The halal certification application process in Malaysia is not a rocket science, it can be smooth and straightforward if guided by competent Halal Executives (HEs) with a strong understanding of the requirements outlined in guidelines and standards such as MS1500:2019, the Malaysian Manual Procedure for Halal Certification 2020 (MPPHM 2020), and the Malaysian Halal Management System 2020 (MHMS 2020). Despite the importance of Halal Executives to the food manufacturing halal system, a gap exists in stakeholders' understanding of their roles and responsibilities. This study addresses this gap by exploring the roles and responsibilities of HEs in halal food manufacturing (HFM), providing practical guidance to support them in their halal industry management role. We employed qualitative analysis to interpret informant narratives and used thematic analysis to analyze the interview data and extract themes. The research method used was qualitative phenomenological research, and the data was collected through an in-depth interview which was consist of 18 informants (practitioners and experts) from food manufacturing companies in Klang Valley and academic institutes. The analysis revealed four themes: (i) training and education, (ii) establishing and sustaining the halal system, (iii) certification management, and (iv) stakeholders’ coordination. By using their knowledge, skills, and experience, competent Halal Executives can contribute to the development of food manufacturing in Malaysia by addressing challenges and providing feasible solutions to emerging issues.
Copyright (c) 2025 Nur Shamira Jamil Nasri, Anis Najiha Ahmad, Yumi Zuhanis Has-Yun Hashim https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Analisis Penyenaraian Haiwan Menerusi Kitab Kasyf Al-Litham 'An As-Ilah Al-Anam Karya Syeikh Zainul Abidin Bin Muhammad Al-Fatani Menurut Perspektif Halal Dan Haram
Karya Melayu klasik atau kitab jawi yang dikarang oleh ulama terdahulu memainkan peranan yang sangat penting sebagai sumber rujukan terhadap setiap permasalahan hukum yang berlaku dalam kalangan umat Islam. Permasalahan tersebut termasuk segala hal yang berkaitan ibadat, mu’amalat, jinayat, munakahat serta aspek pemakanan halal dan haram. Kitab Kasyf al-Litham ‘An As-Ilah al-Anam karya Syeikh Zainul Abidin bin Muhammad Al-Fatani merupakan salah sebuah kitab yang membincangkan tentang bab makanan yang halal dan haram melibatkan pelbagai kategori haiwan. Bagaimanapun, masih terdapat sejumlah spesis haiwan yang kurang jelas maksudnya bagi masyarakat moden disebabkan oleh penggunaan istilah klasik. Justeru, objektif kajian ini adalah untuk menganalisis haiwan halal dan haram dimakan yang terdapat dalam kitab Kasyf al-Litham serta mengklasifikasikannya mengikut kategori haiwan beserta justifikasi. Kajian berbentuk kualitatif ini menggunakan kaedah dokumentasi dan dianalisis secara analisis tekstual terhadap spesies haiwan yang telah dinyatakan dalam karya tersebut. Hasil kajian mendapati bahawa terdapat sembilan kategori utama haiwan yang telah disenaraikan di dalam kitab Kasyf al-Litham, melibatkan 157 spesis. Terdapat juga istilah haiwan yang kurang jelas disebabkan oleh faktor seperti penggunaan istilah klasik jawi dan Arab. Kajian ini diharapkan dapat memberikan manfaat kepada seluruh masyarakat dan agensi tertentu terutama sebagai rujukan dalam bab haiwan halal dan haram dalam Islam.
Copyright (c) 2025 Mohd Mahyeddin Mohd Salleh https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Mekanisma Dan Analisis Skim Agihan Zakat Di Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM) Mengikut Maqasid Syariah
Zakat serves as a primary mechanism to strengthen community empowerment and reduce poverty gaps in addressing contemporary economic challenges. Each distribution scheme must be assessed to meet the needs of asnaf (eligible beneficiaries) based on maqasid syariah (Islamic objectives), which encompass the preservation of religion, life, intellect, lineage, and property. This study discusses the concept of maqasid syariah according to Islamic scholars and analyzes zakat distribution schemes provided to asnaf, comprising students and staff at Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), through the lens of maqasid syariah. A qualitative approach was employed, involving document analysis, observation, and interviews. The findings reveal that the zakat distribution schemes at UKM fulfill all aspects of maqasid syariah. However, a reassessment is recommended to ensure these schemes are prioritized according to the five core principles of maqasid syariah: preservation of religion, life, intellect, lineage, and property. Further studies may evaluate zakat schemes at other Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) to align with maqasid syariah emphasized in Islamic teachings. This study is expected to serve as a reference for HEIs across states to implement more efficient, systematic, and effective zakat distribution systems.
Copyright (c) 2025 Azman Ab Rahman, Muhammad Azhad Al-Bohari , Siti Nurhafizan Panglima , Ahmad Muhasim https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Shariah-Compliant E-Payment Framework in Malaysia: Integrating Fiqh, Digital Security and Regulatory Governance
The emergence of online transactions and e-payment systems presents fresh challenges for Islamic scholars and researchers seeking to apply Shariah principles to the realm of e-commerce. With Malaysia's increasing adoption of e-commerce and online shopping, it becomes imperative to confront these challenges with Shariah-aligned solutions. This paper advocates for a comprehensive model that integrates a Shariah core framework, robust technical mechanisms, establishment of a regulatory body, and enactment of legal provisions to facilitate Shariah-compliant e-commerce transactions.
Copyright (c) 2025 Mohd Zulkifli Muhammad, Dr. Fatihah Mohd, Dr. Tamrin Amboala, Prof. Dr. Hanudin Amin, Dr. Wan Fatin Fatihah Yahya, Dr. Muhammad Khalilur Rahman, Dr Azila Jaini https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0